Revista FAECO Sapiens

Editorial

José René Godoy Troya — Fri, 18 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Guide to the role of the accountant in fraud crimes in government entities of the city of Panama.

Santos Edwin Bonilla Alcedo — Fri, 18 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The general objective of this article is to propose a guide on the role of accountants in the prevention and detection of fraud in organizations. It presents a quantitative approach, with a descriptive and field typology. The population consisted of 115 subjects and a simple probability sample of 32. The data analysis technique used was descriptive statistics, generating a Cronbach's coefficient of 0.80. The p-value = 0.02 (p-value) is lower than the significance level (?), which is usually 0.05, so the null hypothesis is rejected. Relevant conclusions were obtained: Accountants in government entities do not actively participate in the implementation of internal controls aimed at preventing fraud. Furthermore, they do not conduct forensic audits to detect potential irregularities within the entity. Nor do they conduct forensic audits that could help identify irregularities within the organization. These conclusions led to the recommendation of a guide based on the role that the accountant-auditor should assume in Panama.

Erp information system model for the optimization of processes in the Santa Fe Hotel in Panama

Santos Edwin Bonilla Alcedo , Jonathan Yepes — Fri, 18 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The general objective of this essay is to design an ERP information system model to optimize processes at the Santa Fe Hotel in Panama. The research is field-based, meaning that relevant data were collected in the hotel's real-life environment. The research is analytical because it describes the reality under study. The sample used was census-based, meaning all members of the population participated. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics, yielding a Cronbach's coefficient of 0.85. The following key conclusions were drawn: The implementation of an automated information system at the Santa Fe Hotel in Panama is presented as an effective solution for improving efficiency in reservation management. It has been identified that reservations are not managed efficiently, which underscores the urgent need to implement an ERP information system to optimize the hotel's operational processes.

Improvements in the recruitment and remuneration process for postgraduate teachers at the university of Panama

Santos Edwin Bonilla Alcedo — Fri, 18 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The hiring and compensation process for graduate faculty is fundamental to the educational quality and academic development of any university institution. The objective of this article is to analyze the hiring and compensation process for graduate faculty at the University of Panama. Using a quantitative and documentary research approach, we analyzed the administrative work performed by twelve employees of the Vice-Rector's Office for Payment Management. The data collection technique used was a multiple-choice questionnaire, and the data analysis software IBM SPSS was used. In conclusion, the hiring process is not rapid, and faculty hired in the graduate field rarely receive their compensation in real time. There is a need for comprehensive improvements in the hiring and compensation processes for graduate faculty at the University of Panama, including standardizing evaluation criteria, streamlining the hiring and payment processes, and reviewing existing policies and regulations.

Forensic audit process

Fri, 18 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This documentary and descriptive research is presented through a bibliographic analysis to outline the stages involved in the forensic audit process in accounting and finance in the Republic of Panama. This study covers several phases, beginning with a review of the Political Constitution of the Republic of Panama, as well as laws, codes, decrees, standards, and resolutions that define the regulatory environment. A process is presented for professionals interested in entering the field of forensic auditing in accounting and finance, emphasizing that, to conduct an effective forensic audit, it is essential to understand the general theory of the crime, as well as the specific tools that facilitate the work, in accordance with professional standards and the current legal framework in Panama.

International Standards of Education for Accountants (IES)

Fri, 18 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The International Education Standards for Accountants (IES) establish global guidelines to ensure quality in the professional training of accountants, promoting technical, ethical, and practical competencies aligned with international standards. This article explores the integration of these standards into the curriculum of the Bachelor's Degree in Accounting at the University of Panama. A qualitative approach was used, using documentary-analytical research supported by a bibliographic design, with a descriptive and cross-sectional scope. Fifteen academic sources were selected from among scientific articles consulted in the Scopus, Scielo, Mendeley, and Google Scholar databases, published between 2017 and 2024. The conclusion is that the curriculum must be adapted to the HEIs to develop professionals with productive, ethical, and internationally-minded skills and competencies.

Competitive advantage, continuous improvement and operations management in today's business landscape

Camila Cisneros — Fri, 18 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The continuous improvement process is a cyclical endeavor that begins with an innovative idea, propelling organizations towards a continuous learning model while simultaneously encouraging the adoption of technological and sustainable practices. The methodology adopted in this research was descriptive and cross-sectional, with a qualitative approach, employing the technique of documentary analysis through information gathering from databases, repositories, and specialized websites. This involved a rigorous process of analyzing and reviewing scientific literature, including textbooks, journals, and other sources, all of which provided reliability to the research. The results confirm that to achieve efficiency in productive processes, key strategies such as cost, quality, on-time delivery, reliability, and economies of scale, among others, must be adopted. The research also concludes on the importance of a comprehensive approach that considers both internal operational demands and external market expectations for the long-term sustainability of businesses in today's dynamic landscape.

Situational study of changes in the business work environment in Panama city

Fri, 18 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to investigate factors that influence the organizational work environment, both physically and emotionally, in terms of communication, leadership, satisfaction, collaboration, and physical condition. The study methodology was conducted using a qualitative and exploratory approach, using surveys using the Google Forms platform to gather information from company employees. A literature review was also conducted. Based on the results, the factors that influenced the corporate work environment, with high percentages, identified: collaboration, communication, and leadership, which positively impacted the study; skills in adaptation, flexibility, and support in tasks, leaving employees feeling motivated and engaged. Human talent management was identified through a reflective analysis of the survey results, identifying a people-oriented management style, with 86% of respondents reporting motivation; fostering a work environment that resulted in 85%, resulting in positive results for companies.

Organizational development plan as a tool for the efficiency of the Bimbo Panama Group company’s

Fri, 18 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This research presents an organizational development plan as a tool for efficiency at Grupo Bimbo Panamá, based on Blake and Mouton's Managerial Grid approach. The methodology developed follows the positivist paradigm, uses a quantitative approach or language, uses a non-experimental, cross-sectional design, and uses a field-based approach and a descriptive level. The sample population is 560 employees and comprises 229 individuals. The technique used was a survey, and the data collection instrument was a questionnaire with twenty (20) dichotomous questions. Based on the results, it can be inferred that the company maintains high levels or standards of quality, supplier supervision, performance evaluation, productivity, among others. The main conclusion of the research is that it was possible to verify that the organization reflects broad standards of quality and productivity, as demonstrated in its audits, quality plans, product development plans, quality products, etc.

Supply chain optimization through the implementation of integrated logistics strategies in Panama city

Eyvis De Gracia — Fri, 18 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

It focuses research on integrated logistics strategies to improve efficiency and reduce costs in a company's supply chain. It begins with an evaluation of the current performance of the supply chain, identifying strengths and weaknesses. It performs an analysis of best practices and trends in integrated logistics, using a methodology that combines a literature review and relevant case studies. Based on these findings, an action plan is designed that includes the implementation of specific strategies to improve efficiency and reduce operating costs. It employs a mixed methodology that combines quantitative and qualitative methods, including surveys. To obtain a detailed diagnosis of the supply chain, as well as to identify areas for improvement and opportunities for optimization. The results of the research will serve as a basis for the implementation of concrete actions to improve competitiveness and performance in the market.

Synergy between management and marketing

Yesica E. Moreno V. , Maribel Marquínez — Fri, 18 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The collaborative effort between management and marketing has, in recent years, emerged as a key strategy for organizational success. In this context, the present study aims to analyze, from a disruptive approach, how the synergy between both disciplines contributes to the improvement of corporate image and the attraction of conscious consumers. A qualitative-interpretive, documentary, or bibliographic approach was used. The units of analysis were 22 documents published between 2017 and 2024 in the Scopus, Pubmed, and Scielo databases.The results indicate that the collaboration between management and marketing in areas such as social responsibility and transparent communication has a positive impact on corporate image, increasing the loyalty of the conscious consumer. In conclusion, the synergy between management and marketing represents a fundamental strategy for companies seeking not only to improve their reputation but also to build a strong and lasting relationship with consumers who prioritize sustainability and ethics.

The impact of neuromarketing on the purchase decisions of millennial consumers

Verónica Michel Moreno Rodríguez — Fri, 18 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to determine the impact of neuromarketing strategies on Millennial consumers and how to increase these strategies without violating the ethical foundations of advertising. A quantitative, non-experimental, and descriptive approach was used. The study sample consisted of 33 individuals, aged between 28 and 40 years. They were selected through non-probability convenience sampling. A structured questionnaire was used, and the data were processed using SPSS software. Eighty-five percent of respondents said they were fully aware of the tactics used by brands that include colors, sounds, and emotions to influence their purchases, emphasizing the clarity and effectiveness of such strategies. It is worth noting that neuromarketing is positioned as a highly relevant tool for engaging millennial consumers, but only as long as its application is carried out in a context where ethics and transparency are the norm. Ethical considerations for the application of such strategies are crucial. Incorporating responsible practices into these strategies not only strengthens business results but also creates lasting and meaningful relationships between brands and target audiences.

Digital communication strategies and the positioning of clothing commercialization enterprises in Babahoyo.

Fri, 18 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

ABSTRACT

The research was based on an analysis of the weak positioning of apparel businesses in Babahoyo, due to the limited use of digital communication strategies, which prevents local businesses and brands from competing in the market. A mixed qualitative-quantitative research methodology was used to obtain information from various sources. The information was collected through surveys of a random sample of 382 individuals from the Babahoyo Economically Active Population (EAP) and 50 apparel businesses located in the urban area of ??the canton in 2024. A checklist was also used to review the businesses' existing digital content on websites, social media, YouTube channels, and other platforms. The results demonstrated a weak positioning of local businesses compared to businesses from national chains competing in Babahoyo. The fact that the chains constantly apply digital communication strategies to maintain or expand their positioning is considered an important differentiator.

Theoretical aspects of subliminal advertising in the marketing area

Ronald Ariel Gutiérrez Gutiérrez — Fri, 18 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Advertising consists of advertisements that aim to capture the attention of the customer so that he or she becomes interested in purchasing a good offered. This study aims to address some theoretical aspects of subliminal advertising in the area of ??marketing. To achieve this goal, the literature on this topic was examined by accessing the Science Direct database where the research papers containing the term subliminal advertising in their title, abstract or keywords were captured. The metadata obtained from the publications were exported in a RIS file (.ris) and analyzed with the VOSviewer program. The results show 6 publications where 4 are research articles and 2 are short communications corresponding to the thematic areas of Psychology, Administration, Management and Accounting and Neuroscience. The journal of Experimental Social Psychology presented 3 publications that represent 50% of the documents found. A thematic map was constructed with 17 words that presented at least one co-occurrence and 4 clusters of grouping of key terms. In cluster 2, identified with the yellow color, are the current terms associated with subliminal advertising, among which are: electroencephalography (electroencephalography egg), hotel selection (hotel selection) and neuromarketing. It is concluded that subliminal advertising is a method that influences the consumer's mind to lead them to purchase a product or service.

Forensic Audit Process: Accounting and Finance in the Republic of Panama.

Fri, 18 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This research is presented through a bibliographic analysis aimed at outlining the stages involved in the forensic audit process in accounting and finance in the Republic of Panama. This study covers various phases, beginning with a review of the Political Constitution of the Republic of Panama, as well as laws, codes, decrees, standards, and resolutions that define the regulatory environment. A process is presented aimed at professionals interested in entering the field of forensic auditing in accounting and finance. It is emphasized that, to conduct an effective forensic audit, it is essential to understand the audit objective and the general theory of the crime, as well as to use specific tools that facilitate the work, all in compliance with professional standards and the current legal framework in Panama.

Harmonization of Accounting Standards

Claudia Alejandra Vicaña Serrano — Fri, 18 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This research aims to analyze how accounting standards adaptation in Peru and Argentina has been developing in relation to the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). A qualitative, descriptive documentary methodology was used, based on a review of academic publications from the last five years, using the keyword "accounting standards harmonization" as a search criterion. The results show that both Peru and Argentina have made greater progress in implementing IFRS for private companies compared to other countries in the region. It is concluded that, although both countries have largely consolidated the adoption of these standards, further strengthening of the accounting harmonization process is still required, with a view to establishing a common accounting language that facilitates international integration, promotes financial stability, and contributes to regional economic growth.

Benefits Generated by Implementing Sustainable Marketing Strategy for SME

Aychell Meléndez — Fri, 18 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This article discusses the benefits that small and medium-sized enterprises (SMBs) gain from implementing a sustainable marketing strategy. Sustainable marketing, focused on practices that balance business objectives with environmental and social well-being, can generate significant positive impacts for SMEs. Among the main benefits is the improvement in brand image and business reputation, which allows SMEs to attract and retain customers who value sustainability. Likewise, a sustainable strategy can increase consumer loyalty, who show greater commitment to companies that share their ethical values.

In addition, sustainable practices can help SMEs reduce operating costs by optimizing resources and adopting more efficient technologies. This translates into higher profitability in the long term. Implementing these strategies also facilitates access to new markets, particularly those that value sustainable products and services. Likewise, SMEs that adopt sustainable marketing will be better prepared to comply with future environmental regulations, reducing the risk of penalties or loss of business opportunities.

This analysis suggests that, although there are challenges in the implementation of these strategies, the benefits far outweigh the initial barriers, providing SMEs with a significant competitive advantage in an environment of growing demand for responsible practices.

The key performance indicator (kpi)

Randy Chavarría Briceño — Fri, 18 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This article is about the categories for defining a key performance indicator (KPI) and its ability lies in providing a structured and clear framework for the evaluation and measurement of business performance. Establishing appropriate categories is essential to identifying and understanding the key factors that affect performance in different areas of an organization. This categorized approach not only simplifies data collection but also makes it easier to interpret results and make informed decisions. Furthermore, precisely defining these based on categories allows organizations to adapt strategies and allocate resources more efficiently, thereby improving operational effectiveness and achieving long-term business objectives.

Instagram digital tool as a showcase for entrepreneurship in Babahoyo Canton.

Fri, 18 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study explores the use of Instagram as a digital tool to boost entrepreneurship in Babahoyo Canton, Ecuador. Using a qualitative approach and a descriptive-exploratory design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 50 entrepreneurs, complemented by bibliographic analysis and observation of business profiles. The results highlight key strategies such as creating visually appealing content, actively engaging with customers, and utilizing analytical tools to measure impact. The study underscores the relevance of Instagram as a digital showcase, establishing itself as an effective means to connect entrepreneurs with their target markets, strengthening local businesses, and facilitating growth in an increasingly digitalized environment.

Factors affecting the quality of the Management of the Specialized Outpatient Clinic at Santo Tomás Hospital

María Pilar Gordón — Fri, 18 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The research focused on analyzing five key dimensions that affect service quality: quality of care, factors that hinder service delivery, quality measurement, impact of health policies, and proposals for improvement. Regarding factors that hinder care delivery, respondents pointed to structural problems such as insufficient resources and a lack of administrative organization, which hinder accessibility and the patient experience. The impact of health policies reflects that, while they are viewed positively, their implementation is inconsistent, affecting the hospital's ability to operate effectively. In summary, the results reveal that outpatient management depends on both internal factors, such as collaboration between hospital departments, and external factors related to government policies.

Social Responsibility and its impact on the management of waste electrical and electronic equipment at the Veraguas Regional University Center

Fri, 18 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

With the aim of formulating appropriate administrative policies and procedures for the management of electronic and technological waste taking into account technical criteria, institutional guidelines, and national and international legal regulations, a quantitative research approach with an exploratory, descriptive, and non-experimental design was implemented between October and November 2024. An online questionnaire was administered, distributed via institutional email and with informed consent, to 30 staff members at the Regional University Center of Veraguas, including authorities, faculty coordinators, and administrative personnel. A total of 93.33% (28) of participants completed the instrument, which made it possible to collect data on management and disposal policies, training, and reuse of technological waste. The results revealed that 82.14% (23) perceive a lack of alignment between administrative policies and current waste management practices, according to the Institutional Development Plan. Additionally, 85.71% (24) identified shortcomings in the provision of professional and academic training, and 100% (28) noted the absence of commitment to social responsibility activities within the academic unit.

The stock market game contest

Luz Eneida Martínez-Mejía de Aparicio — Fri, 18 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This article discusses the main features of stock market simulator platforms that replicate stock market conditions, providing real-time data and allowing buyers as beginners to perform virtual transactions, learning about trading (buying and selling of listed assets) without financial risk. The financial world has its own specific complexity and not all beginners, including students, have the same training. Ultimately, this type of tool contributes to gaining experience. The experiences of students from the Department of Finance, Banking, Insurance and International Business from the Faculty of Business Administration and Accounting who participated from 2018 to 2021 in the financial simulation platform of the sparkassenstiftung für internationale Kooperation under the stock market game competition were used as a reference in terms of their contribution to the applied training of those who participated.