Revista Científica Guacamaya

Identification of fungi in bulk concentrated pet food sold in commercial stores in the province of Cocle, Panama

Diorlín Arrocha Sánchez — 2025-03-27

The present investigation is based on the identification of molds and yeasts in concentrated bulk foods, which are sold in commercial stores at a low price compared to hermetically sealed foods. Four brands chosen at random were analyzed and divided into two samples per brand in two batches. The results obtained allowed us to determine the presence of fungi and identify different genera and species of molds. Also, it was determined that, in bulk samples, 62% of the counts for molds and 43% of the counts for yeasts exceed the microbiological indices established by the standards, where the values ??of higher microbial counts (10²/10g) are unacceptable, and the food represents a health risk. Two mycotoxin-producing species, Aspergillus flavus (aflatoxin) and Penicillium corylophilum (citrine and alkaloids), were identified in both batches under study. On the other hand, humidity tests were carried out on the samples and the results indicate that these samples did not exceed 2% humidity, which indicates that they are below normal humidity levels (6-10%). Given these analyzes it is concluded that bulk concentrated foods represent a serious risk to the health of animals since the microbiological indices are unstable.

Proposal for the implementation of an environmental management system based on the ISO 14001

Erika Janet Peña Reyes — 2025-03-27

The Poultry Company under study works. I the activity of raising broiler chickens. Among the environmental problems that were generated on the farm were solid domestic and industrial waste; the generation of wastewater, proliferation of vectors, dust, noise that generate stress for chickens and others, use of water and energy resources. The research proposed a Proposal for the Implementation of the Environmental Management System based on the ISO 14001:2015 standard that contributed to the minimization of environmental impacts. For this, those processes and activities that were carried out in the company's workplaces were considered in the sample. It consisted of a field visit to the study area, identifying the critical points of contamination due to poultry farming, location coordinates were taken, a situational diagnosis was carried out according to the criteria of the ISO 14001-2015 Standard and a documentary review. A matrix was applied to see the environmental aspects and risks, after which the Implementation proposal was prepared. The research method was applied, non-experimental design completely without the direct intervention of the researcher with practical non-experimental methods without the researcher altering the object of the research itself. The result was an environmental performance of 25%, compliance with legal requirements of 42% and a risk level of significant environmental aspects and impacts. It concluded that to implement an environmental management system in the poultry farm is important because it contributes to environmentally friendly practices.

Analysis of the area and soil quality of the Jobo de Antón landfill in the province of Coclé using remote sensing

Irving I. Isaza S — 2025-03-27

The impact of landfills on the environment is vast and intricate. These rising mounds store a significant amount of solid waste over the years, leading to the accumulation of toxic gases and the formation of leachates.

In the province of Cocle, district of Anton, in the township of Anton, the locality of El Jobo is home to a controlled landfill, which was inaugurated in 2014 due to the increased waste generation from population growth. This article presents a multitemporal analysis of the expansion of the landfill area and the condition of the surrounding soil, using Sentinel 2 satellite images and Google Earth Pro.

Virtual Simulators for Thermodynamics at Ángel María Herrera High School in Penonomé.

Tídiam-Kala Santamaría — 2025-03-27

This study presents the results obtained from implementing free laboratory simulators in chemistry classes with twelfth-grade students from the Science Program at Ángel María Herrera High School in Penonomé, Coclé. The objective was to enhance thermodynamics lessons and promote self-directed learning. A mixed-method approach was implemented with a control group (traditional model) and an experimental group (constructivist approach, supplemented by simulators and visual resources such as videos and animations). The results showed that the experimental group improved their academic performance, as did the control group. Additionally, 38% of the students preferred the Thermal Capacity Understanding Simulator, while 26% chose the Calorimetry Simulator. The students highlighted the usefulness of the simulators for visualizing the content and reported increased motivation due to these tools. The data collected were tabulated and analyzed using the JAMOVI software.

Graduates monitoring and improvement of the educational curriculum, nutrition and dietetics career – UTB

María Julia Sánchez-Calderón — 2025-03-27

Information that made evidence of high unemployment rate among graduates of the Nutrition and Dietetics program at the Technical University of Babahoyo, generated concerns regarding the quality of the educational curriculum and whether it has been improved through continuous graduates monitoring. The general objective was set: to determine how graduates monitoring contributes to the improvement of the educational curriculum of the Nutrition and Dietetics program at the Technical University of Babahoyo for the period 2022 - 2024. To achieve this objective, a qualitative-quantitative methodology of a descriptive and non-experimental type was selected. Methods such as historical-logical, analytical-synthetic, and deductive were necessary; theoretical information and commitment records related to improvement actions of the program were analyzed. Data were processed from a survey technique applied virtually to 52 graduates during the periods: November 2022 – April 2023, May 2023 – September 2023, and October 2023 – March 2024. The results demonstrated that the curriculum has improved thanks to the timely attention to graduates' suggestions, which has allowed the reduction of the unemployment index in each evaluated period, and that the graduates have high levels of satisfaction on their academic preparation, abilities development, and the performance of the team of teachers, all part of the program educative curriculum. Unemployment problems are due to external factors unrelated to the professional profile obtained.

Exercise system for passing effectiveness in cadet handball players from the Federico Zúñiga Feliú Educational Center

Irving Isaac Del Rosario Rodríguez — 2025-03-27

In the Federico Zúñiga Feliú Educational Center in the province of Coclé, Republic of Panama, handball was implemented as an academic content in 2019 and the female and male school teams were organized to participate in provincial and national tournaments, in the development of these competitions the women's team of the cadet category showed shortcomings in the pass in the attack phase during game situations in comparison with the other participating teams, the present work will contribute to the solution of these shortcomings. The objective of this study was to propose a system of exercises to increase the effectiveness of the pass in the players of the handball team of the cadet category of the Federico Zúñiga Feliú Educational Center in Panama City during game situations. The main empirical methods used were observation, interview and user criteria. It was obtained as main results that a system of exercises that increases the effectiveness of the pass grouped into three blocks with a methodological progression, the first group oriented to the exercises of handling and adaptation of the ball, the second group to analytical exercises of passes and the third group made up of global exercises and games in reduced spaces that integrate real situations. The application of the user criteria demonstrated the applicability, feasibility and relevance of the exercise system, as well as a high expected effectiveness.

Impact of microcredits on microenterprise development, Central Provinces, Panama

Haydeé Janeth Campos-De León — 2025-03-27

Microenterprises in the process of incorporation or growth face difficulties in obtaining financing from traditional banking institutions due to their limited economic capacity, lack of guarantees and absence of credit history, and because of this, they turn to microfinance institutions. This study aims to analyze the impact of microcredits on microbusiness development in the central provinces of Panama (Veraguas, Coclé, Herrera and Los Santos), raising the hypothesis that microcredit influences said development. The research, with a quantitative approach and non-experimental field design, was carried out with a sample of 384 beneficiary microentrepreneurs, to whom a survey was applied. The data were analyzed using the SPSS program, version 26, using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, which yielded significance values ??of 0.005 for microcredit and 0.003 for microenterprise development, indicating a non-normal distribution, therefore, the test was applied non-parametric Rho Spearman, with a coefficient of 0.780 and a significance of p=0.000, which demonstrates a direct relationship between both variables. It is concluded that microcredits have a positive and significant impact on the development of microbusinesses, with a simple linear regression model that explains 64% of the behavior of microbusiness development. It is suggested to expand future research to incorporate more independent variables and improve the fit of the model.

An objectivist view of anthropogenic climate change

Mauro Zúñiga Saavedra — 2025-03-27

Ayn Rand's Objectivism is a neo-Aristotelianism very little explored in Latin American universities and institutes, with honored exceptions such as the Francisco Marroquin University of Guatemala. This essay represents an exploration of anthropogenic climate change in the light of objectivist metaphysics and epistemology with its formulation of the theory of omission of measures for the formation and definition of universally valid concepts for social collaboration through the division of labor. There is a scientific consensus of 97% who believe in anthropogenic climate change and, therefore, 3% who are skeptical, which means that there is a plurality of methodologies that do not yield identical results. The objectivist methodology could shed light on solving this essential problem.

The influence of whatsapp business on the consumer's purchasing decision

Maximo Estrada Mojica — 2025-03-27

The objective of this study is to analyze the influence of Whatsapp Business on the consumer's purchase decision. The methodology considered for the development of the study has a mixed approach. It is descriptive, its design is non-experimental, cross-sectional. The technique used for data collection was a survey, consisting of closed questions with multiple response options. It was applied by means of the Google Forms tool. The population consisted of 140 undergraduate students of the School of Business Administration of the Regional University Center of Veraguas. To obtain the sample, the Questionpro program was used, establishing a confidence level of 95% and a margin of error of 5, resulting in a final sample of 104 people to be surveyed. 51.9% (54 people) indicated that they had contacts from companies in their WhatsApp application. 53.7% (29 people) highlight that they have obtained the WhatsApp contact of the company through a social network or digital media. In conclusion the influence of WhatsApp Business on the consumer's purchasing decision has been profound and transformative. This tool has allowed companies to offer a highly efficient and personalized customer experience.

Big Data and its contribution to the marketing discipline in the phases from 1.0 to 5.0 fr

Ronald Ariel Gutiérrez Gutiérrez — 2025-03-27

The objective of this article is to describe the contributions that Big Data has made to the marketing discipline from a literature review perspective. To achieve this objective, the marketing theory was addressed in its phases from 1.0 to 5.0, using as a reference the Elsevier Scopus database in which 5 query strings were written containing the terms “Big Data” and “marketing” (in its phases: 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 separately). A search period was not established as a criterion because the aim was to capture all scientific production on this topic. The data were exported in CSV format (comma-separated values). The Bibliometrix program was used to obtain the bibliometric indicators to be measured. The results reveal that the longest period of publications covers 18 years with 42%, on the subject of marketing 2.0 and Big Data. At the same stage of marketing (2.0) and Big Data, the highest rate of international co-authorships (37.50%) and average number of citations per document (32.79) are shown. It is concluded that Big Data has been present in the evolution of marketing, mainly from 2.0 to 5.0, its contributions to this discipline have allowed companies to develop effective marketing strategies adapted to the changes that occur in the environment and companies have managed to implement digital marketing when carrying out advertising campaigns.

Editorial

Manuel Ulises Solís — 2025-03-27