Revista Científica Guacamaya

Presentación

Manuel Ulises Solís — Tue, 07 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Ichthyofauna found in the rivers along the Pan-American Highway from Ipeti to Canglon, Panama

Aramís A. Averza C., Humberto A. Garcés B — Tue, 07 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The freshwater fish community found along the Pan-American Highway rivers from Ipeti to Canglon comprises three watersheds with very few published studies. Aspects such as the distribution, composition, and diversity of the ichthyofauna of a site can be used to determine the degree of conservation of a given area. The objective of this publication is to report the distribution, composition, and diversity of the ichthyofauna collected at the study area above. A Rapid Ecological Assessment (REA) was conducted at 21 stations along the stretch between Ipeti and Canglon in April 1978 using different sampling techniques. A total of 2,086 freshwater fish individuals belonging to 31 species and 12 families were collected, of which 22 are primary and eight are secondary. The families Characidae (8 species and 1048 individuals), Loricariidae (7 species and 29 individuals), Cichlidae (five species and 278 individuals), and Poeciliidae (three species and 679 individuals) were the most representative. The stations with the highest diversity (H: 1.425-1.940) were 1 (Ipeti), 2 (Piriati), 11 (Punuloso), 12 (Meteti), 16 (Sanson), and 20 (Canglon). Of the 31 valid species collected, 11 endemic species (35 %) were identified, which include the sardines Astyanax panamensis, Compsura gorgonae, and Gephyrocharax atracaudatus, Pseudocheirodon arnoldi, the suckermouths Ancistrus chagresi, Leptoancistrus canensis, and Sturisomatichthys citurensis, the cichlids Darienheros calobrensis, Isthmoheros tuyrensis, and Panamius panamensis, and the killifish Neoheterandria tridentiger. This study completes the known distribution, composition, and diversity of the ichthyofauna in the vast majority of the 21 sampled stations, especially those at the Sabanas River.

Current situation of waste management in the province of Los Santos, 2024

Félix H. Camarena Q, Ricardo A. Calderón R — Tue, 07 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Waste management in the province of Los Santos, especially in La Villa, faces serious challenges that impact the environment and public health. This research focuses on analyzing the current state of waste management and proposing strategies to improve it. A descriptive methodology was used based on direct observations and statistical analysis, with biweekly sampling for four months in critical areas such as the Balneario de Los Olivos and the El Colmón de Macaracas Communal Forest. The results revealed that 74% of the waste generated during the pandemic was masks, evidencing a significant challenge for waste management. Additionally, 51% of the waste in La Villa is plastic, followed by metals and organics. This suggests that human activities are exacerbating pollution. The investigation also highlighted that leachate from open landfills contaminates the water of the La Villa River, affecting both local communities and aquatic ecosystems. This work is crucial for society, as it not only identified critical problems in waste management, but also promotes environmental education through workshops aimed at young people. By involving new generations in sustainable practices, we sought to cultivate a culture of environmental responsibility that contributes to a healthier and cleaner environment. Recommendations included improving infrastructure and promoting public policies that address these challenges comprehensively.

The perception of ecoanxiety in undergraduate and graduate students of the Faculty of Geological, Mining, Metallurgical and Geographic Engineering of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Lima Perú. 2022

Rolando Reátegui Lozano, Marko Antonio Rodríguez Conde — Tue, 07 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Without a doubt, the greatest challenge of the 21st century is the climate emergency, as it threatens the planet's living species and affects people in all their social and economic activities. Global warming, caused by various industrial activities (oil, mining, food, livestock and others), is generating increasingly frequent climatic alterations throughout the world, causing mental health problems in the affected human populations, the same ones that have been categorized as Ecoanxiety by the global scientific community. The present research seeks to know the degree of perception that university students have about these changes or climatic events that occur in their environment and their impact on their mental health. The questions posed in this research delve into the perception of respondents who have experienced extreme events related to climate change, such as: What actions do they take? Did you have any discomfort or problems? Have you felt anxiety? The objectives of the research are: to determine the actions they have taken after experiencing an extreme event related to climate change; determine whether those who experienced these extreme events suffered discomfort or problems of various kinds, such as psychological and social, and; determine if they have felt anxiety. This research is qualitative. It is basic and descriptive, because it describes the behaviors, attitudes, expectations and beliefs regarding ecoanxiety. Likewise, it is inductive since it allowed us general conclusions in the application of the research instrument. It is deductive because we can obtain conclusions about the effects of ecoanxiety in these San Marcos students. The methodology to obtain the information was through a questionnaire-scale. Among the results obtained we can see that between 80% and 90% of those surveyed carry out actions favorable to the environment; 60% had health-related discomforts or problems and of those, 35.5% were “almost always or always” and 15.8% reported sleeping problems. Likewise, 25.4% felt “paralyzed” after a weather event, while 10.3% had problems eating. Another 10.1% had stomach problems and 17.5% indicated they had visual perception problems. Other reported problems refer to calculating time (30.6%), performing complex tasks (25.4%), walking after a weather event (18.7%). In conclusion, we deduce that those who have suffered an extreme event caused by climate change have participated in different actions in favor of the environment and the fight against climate change and at the same time have suffered discomfort or problems associated with health, with visual perceptions, problems in walking, etc., but they did not experience major problems regarding memory loss (90%).

Mesoamerican nephropathy precursor risk profile of a group of sugar cane farmers, Veraguas - Panama, 2024

Marta E. Pérez O., Asly E. Osorio Izos — Tue, 07 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Mesoamerican nephropathy (MeN) is a form of chronic kidney disease (CKD) not associated with traditional causes such as diabetes mellitus or high blood pressure. It was first described approximately two decades ago, when an increase in CKD cases was observed in the coastal regions of Mesoamerica, mainly in middle-aged men with low socioeconomic status who perform tasks that require a lot of physical effort such as agriculture. Panama has faced an exorbitant increase in the number of patients with CKD in recent years, especially in the central provinces and, in fact, for several years now, there have been reports of patients who meet the criteria for MeN in provinces such as Coclé, Herrera, Los Santos and Veraguas. For these reasons, the objective of this research was to define the existence of risk factors for suffering from MeN in sugarcane farmers in the province of Veraguas. Using a quantitative research approach, 108 sugarcane day laborers with informal employment contracts and with risk factors similar to those described by experts for this pathology were surveyed: young adults with an average age of 28 years, from low social strata, without coverage of hygiene and occupational safety standards, with exhausting shifts under the sun of up to 10 hours a day and without rest, lacking basic services such as drinking water in temporary accommodations, eating mainly canned and preserved foods, without the right to social security, with symptoms and health care practices compatible with those described to cause damage to the function and structure of the kidneys.

Navigating Logistical Complexity

Juan Asterio Castillo-Salamín — Tue, 07 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This article is the third in a trilogy focused on the transformation of distribution to proximity stores in Latin America. It exhaustively examines the challenges and strategies necessary to implement new distribution models in the region. The objective is to identify the critical obstacles companies face in implementing distribution models to proximity stores in Latin America and to propose a comprehensive strategic framework based on successful cases and best practices to overcome them. The analysis is based on a review of challenges such as poor logistical infrastructure, regulatory complexity, resistance to organizational change, technological gaps, economic volatility, and cultural diversity. Each challenge is explored to understand its causes and impacts. Successful cases and best practices are incorporated to propose viable and effective strategies. The proposed strategies include local adaptation of global models, collaboration with local actors, gradual implementation of technologies, training programs and change management, flexible business models, and investment in technological infrastructure. The importance of governmental and institutional policies is highlighted to create an environment favorable to innovation in distribution. The study concludes that the implementation of logistical innovations in Latin America, although complex, is viable and offers relevant practical and theoretical implications. The findings are useful for executives, policymakers, and academics interested in transforming distribution systems in the region, providing perspectives on how to face challenges and seize opportunities in emerging markets.

Remote Sensing as an aid to identify decline in forest cover in Altos del Encanto, corregimiento del Coco, Cocle district and to present a road infrastructure design proposal

Irving Isaac Isaza Santos, Andreina Reyes Sánchez — Tue, 07 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This research project aims to analyze urban growth in the Altos del Encanto sector, Coco district, Penonomé district, Coclé province, since this sector is experiencing informal population growth. This research aims to improve road and transportation infrastructure conditions. By applying remote sensing methodology and its use in transportation, the proposal is to expand the road to three sections interspersed throughout its entire length, thereby improving its sales and purchasing value. Additionally, it will also improve its production and tourism route, which is located 3 kilometers from the provincial capital.

Spatial Analysis for the Identification of Potential Reforestation Sites Using GIS in the community of Tortí, Chepo

Marianela Martínez — Tue, 07 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This research project was primarily focused on generating a map of reforestation sites for the corregimiento of Tortí, located in the district of Chepo in the Province of Panama, through the use of ArcGIS software. Available and existing input data from the corregimiento were used such as soils, relief, and hydrography which were processed and exported in ArcMap.

As a final result of the model, it was determined that most of the corregimiento is experiencing environmental degradation with a strong impact caused by deforestation and the misuse of land, specifically due to primary sector activities. One of the main outcomes of this research project is the creation of a conflict map stratified by three basic criteria and a map of potential reforestation sites, taking into account river sources. Of the total area of the corregimiento (98,766 hectares), currently, 57,299 hectares lack vegetation cover and have overexploited soil.

Evaluates the Physical Condition of Students who entered the Bachelor´S Degree in Physical Education in 2024

Héctor Omar Camaño Castillo, Felipe Córdoba — Tue, 07 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This research entitled, Evaluation of the physical condition of students who entered the Bachelor's Degree in Physical Education in 2024, aims to know the physical level of students who enter the Bachelor's Degree, according to the Manual of Tests for Evaluation of Physical Form. In it, a series of tests are presented to assess basic physical abilities, essential for good performance during the race. The methodology used was subject to the provisions established in the Testing Manual. The results indicate that in the endurance test (Cooper Test) the average for men was 2,457 meters (Good) and women 1,890 meters (Medium); speed (100 meters), men 15:28 seconds and women 18:14 seconds, (Low for both); Long Jump (Power) men 2.03 meters (Medium) and women 1.51 meters (Low); Vertical jump without impulse (Power), men 38 meters and women 33 meters (Low for both); abs in 1 minute (Strength), men 46 (Good) and women 36 (Medium); push-up in 1 minute, men 37 and women 22 (Medium for both); lumbar flexion (Flexibility) men 29 cm (Good) women 29 (Medium); and jump rope (Coordination), men 109 per minute (Very good) and women 99 per minute (Good). These results reflect that most students who enter the career for the year 2024 show a medium to low physical condition, especially women, with speed and strength prevailing as the most deficient abilities.

Fundamental guarantees in Panamanian Criminal Procedural Law

Luis G. Peñalba R. — Tue, 07 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In the context of Panamanian Criminal Procedural Law, fundamental guarantees represent the essential pillar that supports justice, equity and respect for individual rights throughout the judicial process. The Republic of Panama, committed to respecting human dignity and protecting its citizens, has established a robust legal framework that seeks to reconcile effectiveness in the prosecution of crimes with the preservation of constitutional rights. The discussion on fundamental guarantees in Panamanian Criminal Procedural Law covers a diverse spectrum of principles and regulations that protect the presumption of innocence, the right to a fair trial, personal integrity and other fundamental rights during the different phases of the criminal process. This approach, reflected in the Political Constitution of the Republic of Panama and developed in specific laws, guarantees that the State fulfills its duty to maintain public order without undermining individual freedoms. This analysis delves into the detailed examination of the fundamental guarantees in Panamanian Criminal Procedural Law, incorporating key elements discussed in this dialogue, such as the protection of constitutional guarantees and the writ of Habeas Corpus. Likewise, we will explore how these guarantees not only act as indispensable safeguards for those subjected to criminal proceedings, but also contribute to strengthening confidence in the judicial system and consolidating the rule of law in the Panamanian nation.

Attitudes toward academic tutoring of students in the bachelor of English degree program enrolled at CRU Cocle-University of Panama

Tania Lam, Eyleen Arrocha Oses, Iliana Pineda, Michell Arrocha — Tue, 07 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The objective of this research is to identify the attitudes of a group of English students at the Centro Regional Universitario de Coclé towards academic tutoring, highlighting how these perceptions influence their learning process. A quantitative approach was employed using the Scale of Attitudes of University Students towards Academic Tutoring by Solaguren-Beascoa & Moreno (2016). Data was collected from a representative sample of students in an English major program. The findings reveal a generally positive evaluation of tutoring sessions, with students identifying these sessions as crucial for enhancing their language skills and academic understanding. A notable preference for personalized tutoring was observed, with an emphasis on tailoring content to the individual needs and proficiency levels of each student. Furthermore, the results demonstrate a significant appreciation for opportunities for interaction and oral practice in tutoring sessions, underscoring the importance of incorporating activities that promote effective communication in English. Students also expressed their preference for a variety of teaching methods, including interactive and engaging activities. A notable aspect is the need for greater flexibility and accessibility in tutoring scheduling, with a demand for options that better accommodate diverse student schedules and the possibility of online sessions. Finally, the study highlights the positive impact of tutoring on students' confidence and motivation to learn English, reaffirming the value of these sessions beyond the purely academic realm. In summary, this research provides valuable insights into how students' attitudes towards academic tutoring can inform more effective and personalized teaching strategies in tutoring programs that strengthen the training of future English majors.

Impact of work well-being and mental health on Human Talent Management

Adriana I. Murillo, Verónica E. Tejedor V, Gisela Nash, Juan Armengol — Tue, 07 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The objective of this research is to analyze the relationship between workplace well-being, employees' mental health, and human talent management in large companies in the Panama District. The aim is to understand how these factors influence organizational effectiveness, as well as the attraction, retention, and development of high-performing employees. A descriptive research design was used. The methodology involved data collection through surveys administered to employees from various companies, focusing on their perceptions of workplace well-being, mental health, and human talent management. The surveys were analyzed using statistical techniques with tools such as SPSS. The research was based on a sample of 81 private companies in the Panama District, from which 103 responses were collected due to the participation of managers from different departments within some of these companies. The results indicated a positive and significant relationship between the promotion of workplace well-being, mental health in the work environment, and the effectiveness of human talent management. However, it was noted that only 66% of the companies have effective programs in this area, highlighting the need to improve well-being strategies. Additionally, factors such as work-life balance, perceived physical safety in the workplace, communication, employee recognition, and equity were shown to directly influence employees’ mental health and engagement. Organizations that invest in these aspects can foster a healthier and more productive work environment. It was concluded that companies investing in the mental health and well-being of their employees can significantly enhance their ability to attract, retain, and develop talent. It is recommended that organizations implement well-being programs to optimize talent management and promote a healthy work environment.