Revista Saberes APUDEP

Perception of different social actors on commercial reforestation with teak(tectona grandis l.f.) in the town of Meteti, province of Darien, Republic of Panama.

2025-07-28T14:37:43+00:00

Given the lack of understanding of the perception of the neighborhood of teak reforestation projects and the scarcity of studies related to the subject, it was proposed to explore the relationship between the establishment of plantations and the socioeconomic development associated with them, based on previous scientific studies and the perceptions of key stakeholders. A qualitative design was chosen, and a methodology was developed in four phases. A thorough review of documentary and bibliographic sources in academic databases revealed the need to investigate social and economic issues, not just technical topics. By applying in-depth interviews and focus groups, relevant categories emerged in the discourses of social actors that showed how the consumption of teak increased, employment, and the revaluation of land have an impact on the economic and social dynamics of the district, generating complex effects on quality of life, the environment, and social cohesion.

Comparative proposal of two anaerobic wastewater treatment systems for public markets in Panama in sites where they do not have a sewerage network

2025-07-28T15:41:37+00:00

In areas that have been earmarked for the construction of public markets in urban and suburban sites in urban and suburban sites in the Republic of Panama, which require wastewater treatment the treatment of the characteristics of their wastewater with or without sewage systems, we wish to propose this sewerage systems, we wish to propose this article with the objective of comparing anaerobic systems, as a measure in the areas of construction and maintenance. By making this comparison between the Septic Tank system and a UASB Reactor, we wish to present the UASB Reactor; we wish to present the difference as a treatment system including the possible economic the possible economic proposal.

The digital board as a tool for the learning process

2025-07-28T16:21:37+00:00

Digital Whiteboards are a tool of new technologies that has been growing in the educational environment and have recently been implemented at the Technical University of Babahoyo (UTB). This research aims to analyze the recent use of the digital whiteboard (PD) as a technological tool for the learning process in comparison to a traditional acrylic whiteboard (PTA). The study was carried out in a total sample of 68 students from the third level of the Psychology degree at the UTB, of which Third A forms the control group (CG) and Third B the experimental group (EG). The study consists of a pretest and posttest experimental design. In the pretest, averages of 5.34:GC and 5.28:GE were obtained; while in the post-test, averages of 7.37:GC and 7.27:GE were obtained. The Shapiro Wick normality test was used in the pretest, subsequently the experimental treatment was applied, which consists of the instruction of the theme used in the tests with the use of the PD in the EG and the use of thePTA (absence of the PD) in the GC; Finally, the posttest is applied to contrast and analyze results. The GC improved its average rating by +2.03 points, while the EG improved its average rating by +1.99 points; The Hake Factor statistic (g) confirms the above, obtaining an average gain area of ??g:0.44 for the CG and g:0.42 for the EG; The Student Test statistic indicates a significant difference between before and after the experimental treatment. The results obtained from this research support that there is a learning gain with the use of PD, although slightly greater with PTA.

New opportunities with the AI revolution and the use of chatbots at a higher level

2025-07-28T16:52:41+00:00

The area of ??higher education is a research study that allows us to carry out a pilot plan at the Azuero Regional University Center that seeks the implementation of a chatbots to improve the enrollment process. This technology allows non-face-to-face conversational interaction of students, simulating human interaction, which facilitates registration procedures and resolves common doubts in said process. The study uses a quantitative approach, with a sample of 294 students, which measures the efficiency of the chatbot through indicators such as response time and resolved queries.

This study is adjustable to cover more stages in the enrollment process, thus optimizing the student experience. The bot was developed with the Dialogflow tool, hosted in the Google suite, significantly streamlining the interaction in enrollment, since through the programming that allows us to develop Dialogflow, responses are personalized and human intervention is minimized to digitally transform educational processes, such as enrollment in this case, with the potential to expand to other services within the academic field.

Digital competences and their impact on student training in the area of marketing and administration

2025-07-28T17:06:24+00:00

The purpose of the research is to measure the degree of digital skills among students in order to detect aspects to improve in their professional training, both in the field of marketing and business management. This research was carried out with a descriptive approach and a mixed methodology, in which information was collected through the use of a questionnaire. The group consisted of 86 students, from both the Bachelor's Degree in Marketing, Promotion and Sales Administration and the Bachelor's Degree in Business Administration. Among the results obtained, 65.1% of those surveyed stated that they have a medium level of knowledge about social media management tools, while 1.2% have no knowledge. In another aspect, 45.3% indicated that they have a basic level regarding the use of e-commerce platforms, in turn, 100.0% of the students surveyed indicated that they would take courses focused on digital skills for their professional preparation. On the other hand, 52.3% stated that their main difficulty in developing these skills is the lack of courses or workshops and 1.2% due to lack of interest.

Integrative evaluation, basis of the quality of academic performance

2025-07-28T17:35:40+00:00

The article gathers the results of a diagnostic study that links the integrative evaluation and the quality of academic performance of the students of the Third Semester of the Physical Activity and Sports Pedagogy Career. However, no reference to studies conducted at the Technical University of Babahoyo were found, a shortcoming that conditioned the need to undertake the research whose scientific result supported the writing of this paper, which aims to determine the relationship between integrative assessment and the quality of academic performance. The fulfillment of the foreseen objectives and with it, the solution of the assumed problem demanded the use of empirical and theoretical methods of scientific research, the research presented a mixed approach, being necessary the use of the survey technique which was applied to teachers and students in order to gather the necessary information, obtaining results which, if taken into account by the pertinent authorities, could influence the improvement of the quality of academic performance. The development of Science and Technology has conditioned that contemporary education is undergoing a paradigmatic change that emphasizes the importance of developing integral competences in students, beyond the mere acquisition of theoretical and/or practical knowledge.

Controlled breathing in the teaching of brass wind instruments

2025-07-28T17:48:21+00:00

This article arises from a research project exploring the importance of controlled breathing in teaching brass instruments. It is based on my thesis, with a special emphasis on student band contexts. Its purpose is to provide technical and pedagogical tools to instructors and teachers, highlighting conscious breathing as a physiological, expressive, and technical cornerstone of musical performance. Applied exercises, classroom experiences, interviews with specialists, and teaching strategies are presented. The research uses a qualitative approach with surveys and field observations and reveals that the implementation of breathing routines significantly improves students' technical and expressive performance in their instrumental playing. It also explores approaches to the relationship between posture, muscle relaxation, and breath control, recognizing the importance of interdisciplinary work with anatomical and kinesthetic knowledge applied to sound art.

Inaccuracy in the commercial code name in Panama

2025-07-28T18:27:44+00:00

The objective of this article is to carry out an analysis of the inaccuracy in the commercial code denomination in Panama. Specifically, analyze the inaccuracy in naming our commercial code and its replacement with the commercial code of the Republic of Panama. For this article I have used the exegetical method, that is, a literal interpretation of articles 1, 2 and 3 of the Panamanian commercial code and the documentary method through the selection of data obtained from the authorized doctrine in commercial law in order to determine that the word commerce used in the Panamanian Commercial Code is an imprecision and that the Panamanian legal system should be called commercial law. The results of this work show that our commercial legal system regulates not only commerce itself but also legal acts that the law qualifies as commercial in its objective sense, acts carried out by merchants in its subjective aspect, commercial traffic in general and The internal and external business acts executed by the company show that it is not feasible to restrict the legal system to the name of commerce since it not only involves the commerce and the merchant but also all business activity in general. The conclusion of this work is to change the name commercial code to commercial code and change the name commercial acts to company acts to thus cover the scope of application of commercial law in Panama.

Social engineering

2025-07-28T19:04:57+00:00

Social engineering, a growing threat in Panama, this research highlights the increasing prevalence of social engineering attacks in Panama. These attacks, which manipulate people into divulging sensitive information or performing actions that compromise security, represent a significant threat to both individuals and organisations.

By exploiting the psychological aspects of human behaviour, it has become one of the main cyber threats worldwide. In Panama, these attacks have triggered a significant increase in cybercrime, causing economic losses and reputational damage. The tactics employed, such as phishing, smishing and pretexting, exploit vulnerabilities arising from a lack of cybersecurity awareness. To effectively combat this threat, a comprehensive approach is required, combining public education and awareness, the development of strong cybersecurity legislation, investment in advanced technologies and tools, and international cooperation.

The role of government is critical in establishing a dedicated cybersecurity agency, promoting research and fostering public-private partnerships. Only through a multifaceted strategy can we mitigate the risks associated with social engineering and effectively protect Panamanian cyberspace, and we propose a definition of social engineering as ‘the study of human psychology to manipulate people and obtain confidential information by exploiting their trust and naivety through technological means’.

Ethnographic

2025-07-28T19:32:29+00:00

The world of complexity has brought us so many definitions, theories and knowledge, that it is impossible to talk about a subject concentrating on a single topic without taking into account the others that are related to each other. According to its author, the French philosopher and sociologist Edgar Morin (Paris, 1921) "Complexity Theory is based on the idea that complex systems are those that are composed of many interconnected elements and that interact in a non-linear way. In education, these elements can be students, teachers, curricula, technologies, among others."

By talking about Ethnography as a qualitative model, without delving into it´s complexities, it allows us to take advantage of a common definition, proposed by several authors, who point out that ethnography is "... the descriptive study of the customs and traditions of the peoples". When studying the etymological origin of the word we have that Ethno means tribe, race or people and Grapho or graphy, means description; it means, then, that ethnography is the study of the customs, beliefs and traditions of a race or a people. For many, it is the most widely used resource in anthropology and, for others, the true methodology of social science research.

The intention of this article is to approach the clarification of some definitions of ethnography and the theoretical concepts that support it, such as: design and planning of ethnographic study, negotiation, fieldwork. participant observation, interview, survey, entrapment, the marginal native and many more.

Ethnography, which, for some, is a science, and for others, a research method, is the true raison d'être and strategy of anthropology. Today it is applied in the social sciences as such, but also in all fields of knowledge. Participant observation, referring to Paulo Freire, is one of his most enriching tasks, to reach desired results. To deepen what has been said, let us listen to Doctor (Rudolf, Gloria. (2023), an american sociologist and ethnographer, when she points out: "I am of the opinion that participant observation fieldwork, despite its complications and limitations, opens the door to the everyday world of the creation of history as no other method of research can offer" (Rudolf, 2023).

We will approach the subject in its theoretical part from the perspective of Bronislaw Malinowski (Poland, 1884-USA, 1942), who is considered the Father of Ethnographic Research. I also explain the contributions of other important ethnographers, including, because it is necessary, some Panamanian researchers and ethnographers who have made great contributions to knowledge. And I also define the different types of ethnography, to the point of explaining some methodological models of research most used by it.

Editorial

2025-07-29T18:23:44+00:00