Diversidad de reptiles en el sendero de Loma Bonita, La Gloria, Bocas del Toro

Kevin L Espinosa T

Submitted March 9, 2026

Published 2026-05-11

Artículos científicos

Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Oil Palm Research

Diversity of reptiles on the Loma Bonita Trail, La Gloria, Bocas del Toro

Kevin L Espinosa T⁺⁻

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Published: 2026-05-11

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Espinosa T, K. L. (2026). Diversity of reptiles on the Loma Bonita Trail, La Gloria, Bocas del Toro. Oppinara, 1(1), 50–62. Retrieved from https://revistas.up.ac.pa/index.php/oppinara/article/view/9513

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Abstract

This study documents the diversity of reptiles present along the Loma Bonita Trail, La Gloria, Bocas del Toro, through visual sampling in different microenvironments. A total of 25 species and 37 individuals were recorded, with the Colubridae family being the most diverse (8 species), followed by Polychrotidae (4 species). The most abundant species were Basiliscus basiliscus and Gonatodes albogularis. Most records (76%) were concentrated in secondary forest patches, compared to cultivated areas (40%), highlighting the importance of these secondary habitats as biodiversity refuges. Regarding microenvironment use, reptiles were observed mainly in leaf litter (10 species) and shrubs (9 species), indicating structural diversity in the herpetological community. Some species, such as Micrurus nigrocinctus and Bothrops asper, occupied more than one microenvironment, reflecting a certain ecological flexibility. These results underscore the ecological value of the study area and the need to conserve heterogeneous habitats to maintain reptile diversity in fragmented tropical landscapes.

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References

AmphibiaWeb. (2017). Information on amphibian biology and conservation. https://amphibiaweb.org
Batista, A., Ponce, M., Vesely, M., Mebert, K., Hertz, A., Köhler, G., y Lotzkat, S. (2015). A new species of Anolis lizard (Squamata: Dactyloidae) from the highlands of eastern Panama. Mesoamerican Herpetology, 2(4), 556–570. Recuperado de: https://adoptabosque.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/T.berguidoi.pdf
Batista, A., Vesely, M., Mebert, K., Lotzkat, S., y Köhler, G. (2012). A new species of Sibon (Squamata: Colubridae) from the highlands of western Panama. Zootaxa, 3485(1), 35–50. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3485.1.2
Campbell, J. A., y Lamar, W. W. (2004). The venomous reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. Cornell University Press. Recuperado de: https://www.canadianfieldnaturalist.ca/index.php/cfn/article/download/204/204/0
Crump, M. L., y Scott, N. J. (1994). Visual encounter surveys. En W. R. Heyer, M. A. Donnelly, R. W. McDiarmid, L. C. Hayek, y M. S. Foster (Eds.), Measuring and monitoring biological diversity: Standard methods for amphibians (pp. 84–92). Smithsonian Institution Press. Recuperado de: https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1571135651381465600
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Henderson, R. W., y Powell, R. (2009). Natural history of West Indian reptiles and amphibians. University Press of Florida. Recuperado de: https://library.iucn-isg.org/documents/2009/Henderson_2009.pdf
Hertz, A., Hauenschild, F., Lotzkat, S., & Köhler, G. (2013). A new species of Lepidoblepharis (Reptilia: Squamata: Sphaerodactylidae) from western Panama. Zootaxa, 3636(3), 401–415. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3636.3.4
Hooper, D. U. (2005). Effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning: A consensus of current knowledge. Ecological Monographs, 75(1), 3–35. https://doi.org/10.1890/04-0922
Ibáñez, R., Jaramillo, C., Solís, F., Rand, A. S., y Myers, C. W. (2001). An overview of the herpetofauna of Panama. En W. E. Duellman (Ed.), Mesoamerican herpetology.
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Myers, C. W., Ibáñez, R., Grant, T., y Jaramillo, C. A. (2012). A new species of rainfrog (Pristimantis) from the Chiriquí Highlands of western Panama. American Museum Novitates, 3762, 1–32. Recuperado de: https://doi.org/10.1206/3762.1
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Schwartz, A., y Henderson, R. W. (1991). Amphibians and reptiles of the West Indies: Descriptions, distributions, and natural history. University of Florida Press. Recuperado de: https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1130000795222656768
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Uetz, P., Freed, P., y Hošek, J. (Eds.). (2017). The Reptile Database. http://www.reptile-database.org
Urbina-Cardona, J. N., Olivares-Pérez, M., y Reynoso, V. H. (2006). Herpetofauna diversity and microenvironment correlates across a pasture–edge–interior ecotone in tropical rainforest fragments in the Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve of Veracruz, Mexico. Biological Conservation, 132(1), 61–75. Recuperado de: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2006.03.014
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[1] AmphibiaWeb. (2017). Information on amphibian biology and conservation. https://amphibiaweb.org

[2] Batista, A., Ponce, M., Vesely, M., Mebert, K., Hertz, A., Köhler, G., y Lotzkat, S. (2015). A new species of Anolis lizard (Squamata: Dactyloidae) from the highlands of eastern Panama. Mesoamerican Herpetology, 2(4), 556–570. Recuperado de: https://adoptabosque.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/T.berguidoi.pdf

[3] Batista, A., Vesely, M., Mebert, K., Lotzkat, S., y Köhler, G. (2012). A new species of Sibon (Squamata: Colubridae) from the highlands of western Panama. Zootaxa, 3485(1), 35–50. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3485.1.2

[4] Campbell, J. A., y Lamar, W. W. (2004). The venomous reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. Cornell University Press. Recuperado de: https://www.canadianfieldnaturalist.ca/index.php/cfn/article/download/204/204/0

[5] Crump, M. L., y Scott, N. J. (1994). Visual encounter surveys. En W. R. Heyer, M. A. Donnelly, R. W. McDiarmid, L. C. Hayek, y M. S. Foster (Eds.), Measuring and monitoring biological diversity: Standard methods for amphibians (pp. 84–92). Smithsonian Institution Press. Recuperado de: https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1571135651381465600

[6] Empresa de Transmisión Eléctrica S.A. (ETESA). (2020). Resumen de variables climatológicas mensuales. https://www.etesa.com.pa

[7] Gardner, T. A., Barlow, J., y Peres, C. A. (2007). Paradox, presumption and pitfalls in conservation biology: The importance of habitat change for amphibians and reptiles. Biological Conservation, 138(1–2), 166–179. Recuperado de: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2007.04.017

[8] Henderson, R. W., y Powell, R. (2009). Natural history of West Indian reptiles and amphibians. University Press of Florida. Recuperado de: https://library.iucn-isg.org/documents/2009/Henderson_2009.pdf

[9] Hertz, A., Hauenschild, F., Lotzkat, S., & Köhler, G. (2013). A new species of Lepidoblepharis (Reptilia: Squamata: Sphaerodactylidae) from western Panama. Zootaxa, 3636(3), 401–415. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3636.3.4

[10] Hooper, D. U. (2005). Effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning: A consensus of current knowledge. Ecological Monographs, 75(1), 3–35. https://doi.org/10.1890/04-0922

[11] Ibáñez, R., Jaramillo, C., Solís, F., Rand, A. S., y Myers, C. W. (2001). An overview of the herpetofauna of Panama. En W. E. Duellman (Ed.), Mesoamerican herpetology.

[12] Jaramillo, C., y Ibáñez, R. (1997a). Anfibios y reptiles de Bocas del Toro. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Recuperado de:

[13] Lindblad, C. (2001). Tropical forests: Managing for conservation and development. World Resources Institute.

[14] Lodge, D. M., Williams, S., MacIsaac, H. J., Hayes, K. R., Leung, B., Reichard, S., ... y McMichael, A. (2006). Biological invasions: Recommendations for U.S. policy and management. Ecological Applications, 16(6), 2035–2054. https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2035:BIRFUP]2.0.CO;2

[15] Lotzkat, S., Hertz, A., y Köhler, G. (2013). Distribution and variation of the Middle American lizard Anolis limifrons Cope, 1862, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa, 3626(3), 401–427. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3626.3.1

[16] MiAMBIENTE. 2016. Plan de acción para el desarrollo del turismo verde en las áreas protegidas en la República de Panamá 2016-2026. Recuperado de: https://sinia.gob.pa/plan-de-accion-para-el-desarrollo-del-turismo-verde-en-areas-protegidas-ano-2016-2026/

[17] Myers, C. W., Ibáñez, R., Grant, T., y Jaramillo, C. A. (2012). A new species of rainfrog (Pristimantis) from the Chiriquí Highlands of western Panama. American Museum Novitates, 3762, 1–32. Recuperado de: https://doi.org/10.1206/3762.1

[18] Pineda, E., y Halffter, G. (2004). Species diversity and habitat fragmentation: Frogs in a tropical montane landscape in Mexico. Biological Conservation, 117(5), 499–508. Recuperado de: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2003.08.009

[19] Regalado, R., Ortega, R., y Bolaños, F. (2011). Métodos de campo para el estudio de reptiles y anfibios en ambientes tropicales. Revista de Biología Tropical, 59(4), 1743–1751.

[20] Savage, J. M. (2002). The amphibians and reptiles of Costa Rica: A herpetofauna between two continents, between two seas. University of Chicago Press. Recuperado de: https://acortar.link/I8aJgT

[21] Schwartz, A., y Henderson, R. W. (1991). Amphibians and reptiles of the West Indies: Descriptions, distributions, and natural history. University of Florida Press. Recuperado de: https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1130000795222656768

[22] Tellería, J. L. (2011). Ecología y conservación de las aves forestales en paisajes agrícolas. Lynx Edición. Recuperado de: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jose-Telleria/publication/233842084_Introduccion_a_la_conservacion_de_las_especies/links/604f937992851cd8ce43f095/Introduccion-a-la-conservacion-de-las-especies.pdf

[23] Uetz, P., Freed, P., y Hošek, J. (Eds.). (2017). The Reptile Database. http://www.reptile-database.org

[24] Urbina-Cardona, J. N., Olivares-Pérez, M., y Reynoso, V. H. (2006). Herpetofauna diversity and microenvironment correlates across a pasture–edge–interior ecotone in tropical rainforest fragments in the Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve of Veracruz, Mexico. Biological Conservation, 132(1), 61–75. Recuperado de: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2006.03.014

[25] Vitt, L. J., y Caldwell, J. P. (2014). Herpetology: An introductory biology of amphibians and reptiles (4th ed.). Academic Press. Recuperado de: https://acortar.link/TBE73V

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