In this text we address some of the main challenges of modern society in relation to the development of inclusive education and that refer to fundamental spheres of the human being: the material, the relational and the evaluative or moral. Respectively denominated as: the technological challenge, the relational challenge: with the Earth and the people, and the ethical challenge. In the social context described, the school has to take a stand. From its understanding as inclusive education, it opts to place the values of democracy and equity on the horizon, and bets on the development of a transformative social project, developing the inclusive project in schools. Thus, it joins the social movement that recognizes the equal dignity of all people. We then focus our analysis on aspects that concern the conceptualization of inclusive education and its implementation: the way in which human diversity has been understood. We focus on two main perspectives from which the diversity of students has been and is being addressed from the educational system: the medical or essentialist perspective and the social or inclusive perspective, and we answer several questions.
