LET'S SAVE THE QUEEN CONCH, ALIGER GIGAS (LINNAEUS, 1758) ON OUR PANAMANIAN COASTS

Darío Córdoba González

doi:10.48204/j.mesoamericana.v27n1.a7368

Enviado mayo 27, 2025

Publicado 2025-05-30

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Vol. 27 Núm. 1 (2025): Mesoamericana

SALVEMOS AL CARACOL REINA, ALIGER GIGAS (LINNAEUS, 1758) EN NUESTRAS COSTAS PANAMEÑAS

Darío Córdoba González ⁺⁻

DOI https://doi.org/10.48204/j.mesoamericana.v27n1.a7368

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DOI: 10.48204/j.mesoamericana.v27n1.a7368

Publicado: 2025-05-30

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Córdoba González , D. (2025) «SALVEMOS AL CARACOL REINA, ALIGER GIGAS (LINNAEUS, 1758) EN NUESTRAS COSTAS PANAMEÑAS», Mesoamericana, 27(1), pp. 35–41. doi: 10.48204/j.mesoamericana.v27n1.a7368.

Resumen

Se presenta una síntesis del estado de conocimiento de la biología y la pesquería en el Caribe panameño del molusco gasterópodo Aliger gigas (caracol reina, cambombia del caribe), y se resalta el aprovechamiento que se hace del recurso por parte de la pesca artesanal e industrial. También se analiza el estado biológico y poblacional detectado a través de las evaluaciones realizadas tanto en las áreas insulares como continentales y, finalmente, se hacen recomendaciones sobre algunas medidas de manejo y ordenamiento que deben ser de inmediata implementación, pues de no hacerlo, el recurso que está amenazado entrará en proceso de extinción en el corto tiempo.

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Acosta A. (1994). Bibliography of the conch genus
Strombus (Gastropoda: Strombidae). pp. 321-
En: Appeldoorn, R. S. y Rodríguez, B. (eds).
Proceedings of the workshop on biology,
fisheries, mariculture and management of the
queen conch, Strombus gigas. Fundación
Científica Los Roques, Caracas, Venezuela.
Alcolado P. (1976). Crecimiento, variaciones
morfológicas de la concha y algunos datos
biológicos del “cobo” Strombus gigas L.
(Mollusca, Mesogastropoda). Anales de la
Academia de Ciencias de Cuba, 34: 1–36.
Álvarez-León R., F. Gutiérrez-Bonilla, J.F. Ospina-
Arango and E. Chiquillo-Espítia. 2007. El caracol
de pala (Strombus gigas Linnaeus, 1758) en el
caribe colombiano: revisión monográfica. Boletín
Científico - Centro de Museos - Museo de
Historia Natural, 11: 301 – 332.
Appeldoorn R. S. (1988). Age determination, growth,
mortality and age of first reproduction in adult
queen conch, Strombus gigas L., off Puerto Rico.
Fisheries Research, 6:363-378.
Appeldoorn R. S. (1993). Reproduction,
spawning potential ratio and larval abundance of
queen conch of La Parguera, Puerto Rico.
Caribbean Fishery
Management Council, 25.
Ballantine D. L. and R. S. Appeldoorn. (1983). Queen
conch culture and prospects in Puerto Rico.
Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean
Fisheries Institute, 35: 57– 63.
Berg C. J. JR. (1976). Growth of the queen conch
Strombus gigas, with a discussion on the
practicality of its mariculture. Marine Biology,
: 191–199.
Berg, C. J., JR. and D. A. Olsen. (1989). Conservation
and management of queen conch (Strombus
gigas) fisheries in the Caribbean. Pp. 421–454
En: J. F. Caddy (ed.) Marine invertebrate
Fisheries: their Assessment and Management.
John Wiley y Sons, Nueva York.
Boos K. J. (1969). Conchs. In the Encyclopedia of
Marine Resources. EFL Firth, New York.
p,135-140.
Brownell W. N. and J. M. Stevely. (1981). The biology,
fisheries, and management of the queen conch,
Strombus gigas. Marine Fisheries Review, 43:
–12.
CITES. (1995). Convención Sobre el Comercio
Internacional de Especies Amenazadas de
Fauna y Flora Silvestres. Aplicación de la
Resolución Con. 8.9. Geneve (Suiza), 30 p.
CITES. (1996). Draft report to the CITES Animals
Committee. Geneve (Suiza), 20 p.
Coulston M. L., R. W. Berry, A. C. Dempsey and P.
Odum. (1987). Assessment of the queen conch
(Strombus gigas) population and predation studies of hatchery-reared juveniles in Salt River Canyon, St. Croix, V.I. Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, 38:294-306.
Dammam A. E. (1969). Study of the fisheries potential
of the Virgin Islands. Spec. Rep. Carib. Res.
Inst. 1:1- 204.
Darcy G.H. (1981). Annotated bibliography of the conch
genus Strombus (Gastropoda, Strombidae) in
the Westem Atlantic Ocean. NOAA. Tech.
Rept. NMFS SSRF 748. 16 pp.
Delgado G. A., R. A. Glazer and N. J. Stewart. (2002).
Predator-induced behavioral and morphological
plasticity in the tropical marine gastropod
Strombus gigas. Biology Bulletin, 203: 112–120.
Doran E. (1958). The Caicos trade. Ocoee Rev. 48:388-
Egan B. D. (1985). Aspects of the reproductive biology
of Strombus gigas. Magister thesis, University
British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, 147
pp.
Iversen E. S., S. P. Bannerot and D. E. Jory. (1990).
Evidence of survival value related to burying
behavior in queen conch Strombus gigas. Fishery bulletin, 88: 299–309.
Iverson B. S. (1968). Forming the edge of the sea.
Sishing News, Londres. 301 pp.
Jory D. E. and E. S. Iversen. (1983). Queen conch
predators: not a roadblock to mariculture.
Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries
Institute, 35: 61– 75.
Keen M.A. (1971). Seashells of Tropical West America.
Stanford University, California. 1064 pp.
Lagos B., A. L. Hernández, S., R. H. Gómez and P. V.
Daza. (1996). Algunos aspectos bioecológicos y
reproductivos del caracol pala, Strombus gigas
Linnaeus, 1758 en el archipiélago de San Andres,
Providencia y Santa Catalina (Caribe
colombiano). Boletín Científico INPA, 4: 22.
Martín-Mora E., F. C. James and A. W. Stoner. (1995).
Developmental plasticity in the shell of the queen
conch Strombus gigas. Ecology, 76: 981–994.
Randall J. E. (1964). Contributions to the biology of the
queen conch, Strombus gigas. Bulletin of marine
science of the Gulf and Caribbean, 14: 246–295.
Ray-Culp M. (2002). The Conch News website:
Welcome to Conch News. En:
http://oakhammockbooks.com/conchnews Oak
Hammock Publishing.
Ray-Culp M., M. Davis and A. W. Stoner. (1997). The
micropredators of newly settled queen conch
(Strombus
gigas Linnaeus). Journal of Shellfish Research,
: 423– 428.
Stoner A. W. and K. C. Schwarte. (1994). Queen conch,
Strombus gigas, reproductive stocks in the
central Bahamas: distribution and probable
sources. Fishery bulletin, 92:171-179.
Stoner A. W. and J. M. Waite. (1990). Distribution and
behavior of Queen Conch Strombus gigas
relative to seagrass standing crop. Fishery
bulletin, 88: 573–585.
Vega, A. and F. Pérez (2003). crecimiento del cambute,
Strombus galeatus (Gastropoda: Strombidae)
en el Parque Nacional Coiba, pacífico
panameño. Tecnociencia, 5(1): 77-89.
Villalobos, C. 1986. Biología, producción y
aprovechamiento del cambute Strombus
galeatus, en Bahía Ballena, Puntarenas, Costa
Rica. Propuesta de investigativa sometida al
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, San
José, Costa Rica.
Weil, E. and R. Laughlin. (1984). Biology, population
dynamics, and reproduction of the queen
conch Strombus gigas Linne in the Archipelago
de Los Roques National Park. Journal of
Shellfish Research, 4:45-62

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[1] Acosta A. (1994). Bibliography of the conch genus

[2] Strombus (Gastropoda: Strombidae). pp. 321-

[3] En: Appeldoorn, R. S. y Rodríguez, B. (eds).

[4] Proceedings of the workshop on biology,

[5] fisheries, mariculture and management of the

[6] queen conch, Strombus gigas. Fundación

[7] Científica Los Roques, Caracas, Venezuela.

[8] Alcolado P. (1976). Crecimiento, variaciones

[9] morfológicas de la concha y algunos datos

[10] biológicos del “cobo” Strombus gigas L.

[11] (Mollusca, Mesogastropoda). Anales de la

[12] Academia de Ciencias de Cuba, 34: 1–36.

[13] Álvarez-León R., F. Gutiérrez-Bonilla, J.F. Ospina-

[14] Arango and E. Chiquillo-Espítia. 2007. El caracol

[15] de pala (Strombus gigas Linnaeus, 1758) en el

[16] caribe colombiano: revisión monográfica. Boletín

[17] Científico - Centro de Museos - Museo de

[18] Historia Natural, 11: 301 – 332.

[19] Appeldoorn R. S. (1988). Age determination, growth,

[20] mortality and age of first reproduction in adult

[21] queen conch, Strombus gigas L., off Puerto Rico.

[22] Fisheries Research, 6:363-378.

[23] Appeldoorn R. S. (1993). Reproduction,

[24] spawning potential ratio and larval abundance of

[25] queen conch of La Parguera, Puerto Rico.

[26] Caribbean Fishery

[27] Management Council, 25.

[28] Ballantine D. L. and R. S. Appeldoorn. (1983). Queen

[29] conch culture and prospects in Puerto Rico.

[30] Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean

[31] Fisheries Institute, 35: 57– 63.

[32] Berg C. J. JR. (1976). Growth of the queen conch

[33] Strombus gigas, with a discussion on the

[34] practicality of its mariculture. Marine Biology,

[35] : 191–199.

[36] Berg, C. J., JR. and D. A. Olsen. (1989). Conservation

[37] and management of queen conch (Strombus

[38] gigas) fisheries in the Caribbean. Pp. 421–454

[39] En: J. F. Caddy (ed.) Marine invertebrate

[40] Fisheries: their Assessment and Management.

[41] John Wiley y Sons, Nueva York.

[42] Boos K. J. (1969). Conchs. In the Encyclopedia of

[43] Marine Resources. EFL Firth, New York.

[44] p,135-140.

[45] Brownell W. N. and J. M. Stevely. (1981). The biology,

[46] fisheries, and management of the queen conch,

[47] Strombus gigas. Marine Fisheries Review, 43:

[48] –12.

[49] CITES. (1995). Convención Sobre el Comercio

[50] Internacional de Especies Amenazadas de

[51] Fauna y Flora Silvestres. Aplicación de la

[52] Resolución Con. 8.9. Geneve (Suiza), 30 p.

[53] CITES. (1996). Draft report to the CITES Animals

[54] Committee. Geneve (Suiza), 20 p.

[55] Coulston M. L., R. W. Berry, A. C. Dempsey and P.

[56] Odum. (1987). Assessment of the queen conch

[57] (Strombus gigas) population and predation studies of hatchery-reared juveniles in Salt River Canyon, St. Croix, V.I. Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, 38:294-306.

[58] Dammam A. E. (1969). Study of the fisheries potential

[59] of the Virgin Islands. Spec. Rep. Carib. Res.

[60] Inst. 1:1- 204.

[61] Darcy G.H. (1981). Annotated bibliography of the conch

[62] genus Strombus (Gastropoda, Strombidae) in

[63] the Westem Atlantic Ocean. NOAA. Tech.

[64] Rept. NMFS SSRF 748. 16 pp.

[65] Delgado G. A., R. A. Glazer and N. J. Stewart. (2002).

[66] Predator-induced behavioral and morphological

[67] plasticity in the tropical marine gastropod

[68] Strombus gigas. Biology Bulletin, 203: 112–120.

[69] Doran E. (1958). The Caicos trade. Ocoee Rev. 48:388-

[70] Egan B. D. (1985). Aspects of the reproductive biology

[71] of Strombus gigas. Magister thesis, University

[72] British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, 147

[73] pp.

[74] Iversen E. S., S. P. Bannerot and D. E. Jory. (1990).

[75] Evidence of survival value related to burying

[76] behavior in queen conch Strombus gigas. Fishery bulletin, 88: 299–309.

[77] Iverson B. S. (1968). Forming the edge of the sea.

[78] Sishing News, Londres. 301 pp.

[79] Jory D. E. and E. S. Iversen. (1983). Queen conch

[80] predators: not a roadblock to mariculture.

[81] Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries

[82] Institute, 35: 61– 75.

[83] Keen M.A. (1971). Seashells of Tropical West America.

[84] Stanford University, California. 1064 pp.

[85] Lagos B., A. L. Hernández, S., R. H. Gómez and P. V.

[86] Daza. (1996). Algunos aspectos bioecológicos y

[87] reproductivos del caracol pala, Strombus gigas

[88] Linnaeus, 1758 en el archipiélago de San Andres,

[89] Providencia y Santa Catalina (Caribe

[90] colombiano). Boletín Científico INPA, 4: 22.

[91] Martín-Mora E., F. C. James and A. W. Stoner. (1995).

[92] Developmental plasticity in the shell of the queen

[93] conch Strombus gigas. Ecology, 76: 981–994.

[94] Randall J. E. (1964). Contributions to the biology of the

[95] queen conch, Strombus gigas. Bulletin of marine

[96] science of the Gulf and Caribbean, 14: 246–295.

[97] Ray-Culp M. (2002). The Conch News website:

[98] Welcome to Conch News. En:

[99] http://oakhammockbooks.com/conchnews Oak

[100] Hammock Publishing.

[101] Ray-Culp M., M. Davis and A. W. Stoner. (1997). The

[102] micropredators of newly settled queen conch

[103] (Strombus

[104] gigas Linnaeus). Journal of Shellfish Research,

[105] : 423– 428.

[106] Stoner A. W. and K. C. Schwarte. (1994). Queen conch,

[107] Strombus gigas, reproductive stocks in the

[108] central Bahamas: distribution and probable

[109] sources. Fishery bulletin, 92:171-179.

[110] Stoner A. W. and J. M. Waite. (1990). Distribution and

[111] behavior of Queen Conch Strombus gigas

[112] relative to seagrass standing crop. Fishery

[113] bulletin, 88: 573–585.

[114] Vega, A. and F. Pérez (2003). crecimiento del cambute,

[115] Strombus galeatus (Gastropoda: Strombidae)

[116] en el Parque Nacional Coiba, pacífico

[117] panameño. Tecnociencia, 5(1): 77-89.

[118] Villalobos, C. 1986. Biología, producción y

[119] aprovechamiento del cambute Strombus

[120] galeatus, en Bahía Ballena, Puntarenas, Costa

[121] Rica. Propuesta de investigativa sometida al

[122] Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, San

[123] José, Costa Rica.

[124] Weil, E. and R. Laughlin. (1984). Biology, population

[125] dynamics, and reproduction of the queen

[126] conch Strombus gigas Linne in the Archipelago

[127] de Los Roques National Park. Journal of

[128] Shellfish Research, 4:45-62

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