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Bacterial resistance to antibiotics represents one of the greatest threats to public health due to its impact on the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatments. The World Health Organization (WHO) warns that antibiotic resistance could cause more than 10 million deaths annually by 2050, highlighting the urgency of studying the evolutionary mechanisms that facilitate the spread of resistant bacteria. This study analyzes the genetic and evolutionary relationships between five bacterial species with documented resistance: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella enterica, Enterococcus faecium, and Acinetobacter baumannii. A phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S ribosomal RNA gene, a widely used molecular marker for the identification of microorganisms, was used. Using MEGA software, a phylogenetic tree was constructed, revealing evolutionary groupings and potential gene transfer mechanisms related to antibiotic resistance.
