OPEN ACCESS STATEMENT

Vanguardia Jurídica is a fully open access journal. It imposes no restrictions on access to the articles it publishes; all articles are freely available online to all readers immediately upon publication, in accordance with the periodicity stated in the author guidelines (biannual). All users have free and global access to the articles and other documents published in this journal, without spatial limitations. Open access enhances the visibility and readership of the contributions published in Vanguardia Jurídica, in addition to speeding up the publication process.

PUBLICATION POLICY

Vanguardia Jurídica provides free access to all its articles. It does not charge for publication or for the editorial processing of articles, nor does it offer any form of payment to authors, as they grant the journal the right to publish their articles. This journal operates on a non-profit basis. Any author submitting an article for publication in this journal is deemed to have accepted this policy. No payment or other reward is provided to reviewers participating in this process either.

Immediate and free access to content is provided under the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.

When an author submits an article to the journal, it is expected that the work has not been previously published or submitted for consideration elsewhere. Submissions must be original and unpublished, and must comply with the journal’s citation and referencing guidelines.

AUTHOR AND READER RIGHTS POLICY

Authors retain copyright over their published contributions at all times. Copyright policies require proper attribution of the author(s) for any content reproduced in whole or in part, provided the information is not used for commercial purposes. This ensures recognition of the authors’ intellectual property.

Authors publishing in Vanguardia Jurídica retain moral rights to their works at all times, in accordance with Law 64 of October 10, 2012 on Copyright and Related Rights of the Republic of Panama. Upon acceptance for publication, the author grants the journal a non-exclusive license for the use of economic rights, allowing for reproduction, distribution, public communication, and transformation of the article for academic and non-commercial purposes.

We inform our readers, authors, and collaborators that the journal does not receive any type of external funding nor does it have institutional, corporate, or governmental sponsorship.

The journal does not charge authors for the editorial process or publication, nor does it charge readers for access to legal scientific information available through the University of Panama’s Journal Portal (revistas.up.ac.pa).

OPEN REVIEW POLICY

Vanguardia Jurídica evaluates all articles through a transparent and participatory review process.

There are no costs associated with the evaluation process for any journal collaborators, and all submissions are treated with fairness and confidentiality.

Reviewers must adhere to the timelines established by the journal and should decline to review manuscripts that are outside their area of expertise, that they cannot evaluate within the given time, or in which they have a conflict of interest. Reviewers must respect the confidentiality of manuscripts and authorship rights, and avoid commenting on or discussing the content with others.

LICENSING AND PUBLICATION POLICY

The journal adopts the following Creative Commons license:

Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0).

Terms:

• BY - Attribution: Proper credit must be given, a link to the license provided, and any changes made must be indicated. This may be done in any reasonable manner, but not in a way that suggests the licensor endorses the use.

• NC - NonCommercial: The material may not be used for commercial purposes.

• SA - ShareAlike: If the material is remixed, transformed, or built upon, the resulting work must be distributed under the same license as the original.

ARTICLE PROCESSING CHARGES (APC)

The journal does not impose any article processing charges (APC).

DIGITAL PRESERVATION POLICY

The journal's editorial management is conducted through the OPEN JOURNAL SYSTEMS (OJS) software, which has enabled the LOCKSS plugin for digital preservation and restoration purposes.

COMMUNICATION POLICY

Both the Editorial Board and the authors of Vanguardia Jurídica are committed to promoting strategies for the dissemination and promotion of access to and use of published articles. This ensures that the university community understands the value of the information contained in the journal’s issues. Once articles are published, they will be promoted through various institutional and personal social media platforms and/or during academic events held by the institution and academic units.

ANTI-PLAGIARISM POLICY

Vanguardia Jurídica considers plagiarism to include both the theft and misappropriation of intellectual property, as well as unattributed verbatim copying of another person’s work. All submitted manuscripts are reviewed by the Editor-in-Chief and subjected to semantic similarity analysis using the ORIGINAL anti-plagiarism software, acquired by the Office of the Vice President for Research and Graduate Studies. If similarity is detected up to 20%, the manuscript will be returned to the author for revision and resubmission. If the similarity exceeds 21%, the manuscript will be rejected outright without the right to resubmission.

Vanguardia Jurídica sanctions plagiarism and fraudulent data in manuscripts, the simultaneous submission of the same article to more than one journal, the copying and use of textual information from any document, the unauthorized use of data, images, or other resources, and the manipulation or distortion of content from other works. If 100% similarity is detected, the author(s) will be banned from publishing in Vanguardia Jurídica for a minimum of three years (RIC, n.d., para. 32).

ETHICAL PUBLISHING POLICIES

Vanguardia Jurídica ensures that editors, reviewers, and authors strictly adhere to international ethical standards throughout the manuscript review and publication process.

The journal’s ethical guidelines are aligned with those established by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Any work found to breach these recommendations or exhibit malpractice will be removed or retracted, depending on the stage at which the ethical breach is discovered.

AUTHOR CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

A conflict of interest may arise when an author—or the author’s institution or employer—has financial or personal relationships that may influence or bias their work, decisions, or the submitted manuscript.

Authors must declare any potential conflicts of interest at the time of submission. They must also disclose in the manuscript any financial or other relationships that could influence the article’s content, such as employment, consultancies, fees, paid testimonies, patent applications or registrations, or other funding sources.

Potential conflicts of interest should be disclosed as early as possible. Peer review should be conducted independently, without regard to the author’s status or research group.

CORRECTION POLICIES

Error Identification: Corrections will be made when significant errors are identified in a published article that could affect the interpretation of results or conclusions. This includes errors in data, methodology, results, or attributions.

Request Process: Any author wishing to request a correction must send a formal request to the journal via email: vanguardia.juridica@up.ac.pa, clearly describing the error and the proposed correction.

Request Evaluation: The editorial board will evaluate each request to determine whether the error warrants a correction and the appropriate nature of the correction.

Publication of Corrections: If approved, a correction notice will be published and linked to the original article. This notice will detail the nature of the error and the correction made, ensuring transparency.

REFERENCES

Policies on Access and Reuse. Retrieved from: https://revistas.unanleon.edu.ni/index.php/REBICAMCLI/polireuso

RIC (n.d.). Open Access Policy. Retrieved from : https://revinfcientifica.sld.cu/index.php/ric/pol