Copyright (c) 2026 Vision Antataura
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Globalization, digital transformation, and intensifying competition compel 21st-century managers to reconfigure their management models, integrating leadership competencies and strategic adaptability. This study analyzes the integration of leadership and supervisory competencies among managers in the public and private sectors in Panama, examining their impact on decision-making and organizational performance. A non-experimental, quantitative, and descriptive design was employed, using a multiple-choice questionnaire administered to a convenience sample of 51 employees from both sectors, selected through non-probabilistic sampling. The results reveal that 49% of participants perceive their superiors exclusively as supervisors, 58.8% consider that they prioritize task completion over team well-being, and only 15% identify them as leaders, indicating a significant deficit of transformational leadership in the organizational contexts studied. These findings highlight a substantial lack of transformational leadership and confirm the need to promote managerial training models that integrate the directive capacity of supervision with the inspiring vision of leadership, thereby overcoming the traditional administrative paradigm.
Este obra está bajo una licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional.
