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The economy of a region is determined by the geological, climatic, hydric and environmental characteristics of it. The objective of this article is to explain the social and productive structure of the Ocu district according to the environment. This region is characterized by low agricultural potential of its soil, however it is the main yam producing district, the fourth in cassava production and generates two percent of corn production nationwide. It is a district with a population that is almost constant but tends to change its internal structure due to the aging of its population. With 25 percent of its population living in poverty, it can turn its comparative advantages into competitive advantages so that it can reduce poverty to its mínimum expression and improve the quality of life of its population.