Aspectos relevantes sobre Toxoplasma gondii y su diversidad genética en animales silvestres

Héctor J. Cruz De G.

doi:10.48204/j.vian.v8n1.a5223

Submitted June 17, 2024

Published 2024-06-28

Artículos

Vol. 8 No. 1 (2024): Visión Antataura

Relevant aspects about Toxoplasma gondii and its genetic diversity in wild animals

Héctor J. Cruz De G.⁺⁻

DOI https://doi.org/10.48204/j.vian.v8n1.a5223

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DOI: 10.48204/j.vian.v8n1.a5223

Published: 2024-06-28

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Cruz De G., H. J. (2024). Relevant aspects about Toxoplasma gondii and its genetic diversity in wild animals. Visión Antataura, 8(1), 22–36. https://doi.org/10.48204/j.vian.v8n1.a5223

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite with a high prevalence worldwide, a great genetic diversity; a characteristic that allows it to infect a wide variety of, hosts such as, birds, reptiles, and mammals, including humans. The main form of transmission is through the ingestion of tissue cysts and oocysts contained in undercooked food. Various studies have indicated that apart from the known genotypes of T. gondii, there are more aggressive strains of the parasite known as exotic or atypical, which are related to more serious infections in wild animals, causing the decline of economic and culturally important species in many countries. In this short review, open open-access academic search engines were used using keywords and web pages related to studies on the genetic diversity of T. gondii in wild animals.

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References

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[1] Afonso, E., Thulliez, P., Pontier, D. y Gilot-Fromont, E. (2007). Toxoplasmosis in prey species and consequences for prevalence in feral cats: Not all prey species are equal. Parasitology, 134(14), 1963–1971. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182007003320

[2] Aguirre, A. A., Longcore, T., Barbieri, M., Dabritz, H., Hill, D., Klein, P. N., Lepczyk, C., Lilly, E. L., McLeod, R., Milcarsky, J., Murphy, C. E., Su, C., VanWormer, E., Yolken, R. y Sizemore, G. C. (2019). The One Health Approach to Toxoplasmosis: Epidemiology, Control, and Prevention Strategies. Ecohealth, 16(2), 378-390. https://doi.org/10.1007/ S10393-019-01405-7

[3] Ajzenberg, D., Bañuls, A. L., Su, C., Dumètre, A., Demar, M., Carme, B. y Dardé, M. L. (2004). Genetic diversity, clonality and sexuality in Toxoplasma gondii. International Journal for Parasitology, 34(10), 1185–1196. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJPARA.2004.06.007

[4] Attias, M., Teixeira, D. E., Benchimol, M., Vommaro, R. C., Crepaldi, P. H. y De Souza, W. (2020). The life-cycle of Toxoplasma gondii reviewed using animations. Parasites y Vectors, 13(1), 588-599. https://doi.org/10.1186/S13071-020-04445-Z

[5] Bertranpetit, E., Jombart, T., Paradis, E., Pena, H., Dubey, J., Su, C., Mercier, A., Devillard, S. y Ajzenberg, D. (2017). Phylogeography of Toxoplasma gondii points to a South American origin. Infection, Genetics and Evolution: Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious Diseases, 48, 150–155. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/J.MEEGID.2016.12.020

[6] Conrad, P. A., Miller, M. A., Kreuder, C., James, E. R., Mazet, J., Dabritz, H., Jessup, D. A., Gulland, F. y Grigg, M. E. (2005). Transmission of Toxoplasma: Clues from the study of sea otters as sentinels of Toxoplasma gondii flow into the marine environment. International Journal for Parasitology, 35(11–12), 1155–1168. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.07.002

[7] Correa, R., Cedeño, I., de Escobar, C. y Fuentes, I. (2008). Increased urban seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infecting swine in Panama. Veterinary Parasitology, 153(1–2), 9–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.01.017

[8] Cortés, A. y Aguirre, N. (2018). Toxoplasmosis aguda diseminada fatal en una paciente adulta inmunocompetente proveniente del Pacífico colombiano. https:// docs.bvsalud.org/biblioref/2019/03/974002/toxoplasmosis-aguda-diseminada-fatal.pdf

[9] Coupe, A., Howe, L., Shapiro, K. y Roe, W. D. (2019). Comparison of PCR assays to detect Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in green-lipped mussels (Perna canaliculus). Parasitology Research, 118(8), 2389–2398. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-019-06357-z

[10] Dabritz, H. A., Miller, M. A., Gardner, I. A., Packham, A. E., Atwill, E. R. y Conrad, P. A. (2008). Risk Factors for Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Wild Rodents from Central Coastal California and a Review of T. gondii Prevalence in Rodents. Journal of Parasitology, 94(3), 675–683. https://doi.org/10.1645/ge-1342.

[11] Demar, M., Ajzenberg, D., Maubon, D., Djossou, F., Panchoe, D., Punwasi, W., Valery, N., Peneau, C., Daigre, J. L., Aznar, C., Cottrelle, B., Terzan, L., Dardé, M. L. y Carme, B. (2007). Fatal outbreak of human toxoplasmosis along the Maroni River: Epidemiological, clinical, and parasitological aspects. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 45(7), e88–e95. https://doi.org/10.1086/521246/2/45-7-E88-TBL004.GIF

[12] Dubey, J. P. (1998). Advances in the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii. International Journal for Parasitology, 28(7), 1019–1024. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7519(98)00023-X

[13] Dubey, J. P. (2016). Toxoplasmosis of Animals and Humans. Toxoplasmosis of Animals and Humans. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420092370

[14] Dubey, J. P. y Frenkel, J. K. (1972). Cyst?Induced Toxoplasmosis in Cats. The Journal of Protozoology, 19(1), 155–177. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1972.tb03431.x

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