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To determine the diagnostic validity of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) as a standard method for the detection of thyroid cancer, by analyzing the sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratios reported in the included studies. A systematic review of scientific literature was carried out in different virtual libraries with the use of methodological quality of the last 40 years. For the design of this systematic review, an exhaustive search of scientific articles was carried out in databases with Pubmed, BVS, Scielo, Medline, using DeCs (Health Science descriptors) "Thyroid cancer", "fine needle biopsy", and MeSH (medical terms Sunject Headings) "thyroid cancer" and "Biopsy, fine needle". The filtering of the articles was carried out according to the criteria of inclusion, exclusion and assessment of methodological quality using the declaration instruments of the STROBE initiative. 11 original articles were considered for evaluation. The sensitivity of the test fluctuates between 72% and 100%, this range ensures that the test checks for malignant cases from benign ones. Regarding the specificity of false positives, the findings were between 90% and 95.1%, highlighting the fact that fine needle biopsy correctly rules out malignancy in patients without disease. The needle-directed biopsy test is the test of first choice for diagnosing thyroid cancer, due to its high sensitivity and specificity
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