Modelación del flujo de microplásticos y la interacción de contaminantes químicos orgánicos en sistemas acuáticos
Palabras clave:
Enfoques de modelos, partículas, persistencia, gradiente de concentración, contaminantes orgánicos persistentesResumen
Los microplásticos son uno de los principales contaminantes del ambiente. Estos pueden transportarse entre diferentes medios acuáticos y actúan como captadores de contaminantes orgánicos persistentes altamente nocivos. El presente artículo aborda la revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre la modelación del flujo de microplásticos y la interacción de contaminantes químicos orgánicos presentes en sistemas acuáticos. Se analizaron producciones científicas, en su mayoría, dentro del período de 2012 a 2020. Se evidenció que muchos enfoques de modelos desarrollados para otros tipos de partículas se aplican también al flujo de los microplásticos en el medioambiente. Sin embargo, la alta persistencia, baja densidad y diversidad de tamaños extremadamente amplia de los plásticos, hacen que el comportamiento del sistema muestre una variedad mucho más extensa. Por otra parte, se considera que la presencia de microplásticos puede limpiar o contaminar un sistema u organismo, dependiendo del gradiente de concentración entre el microplástico y la matriz, ya sea un tejido o un sistema acuoso. Los modelos de simulación han demostrado ser útiles para analizar mecánicamente estas consideraciones. No obstante, la información encontrada sobre la validación de tales modelos es limitada y adicional se requiere trabajo experimental para enfatizar adecuadamente las variables involucradas, considerando la diversidad de organismos y productos químicos que interaccionan en los ecosistemas involucrados.
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