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In the different branches of science there are symbols or sings that distinguish them; and the professionals of the different branches must know their history and meaning. Worldwide, and throughout the years there are still differences between the symbols that have traditionally represented medicine the caduceus of Mercury by the rod of Aesculapius. The objective of this academic work is to analyze historically the importance of the symbols of the medical and commercial sciences for their proper use. The research methodology developed is analytical-synthetic theoretical and documentary-type using literary information from different official sources, analyzing theoretical and historical references, managing to diagnose and synthesize the ideas of the different bibliographic references. Among the results, it stands out that the rod of the Greek god Aesculapius has traditionally been the symbol of scientific medicine, however, frequently and erroneously still, the caduceus of the god Mercury is taken as a symbol of medicine when this is the usual symbol of the general trade. It is concluded that the correct symbol of the medical sciences is represented by the rod of the god Aesculapius and the caduceus of the god Mercury represents the science of commerce.