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With the aim of identifying and evaluating the antimicrobial potential of Panamanian flora species, a study was conducted to generate alternative strategies in response to the increasing bacterial resistance, considered one of the main challenges in global public health. A total of 84 plant extracts were obtained from 32 species belonging to 29 genera and 24 families, through percolation with dichloromethane, followed by 90% methanol.
The antimicrobial activity of the crude extracts and their fractions was assessed using the Mitscher method at a concentration of 100 µg/mL, against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, acid-alcohol-resistant strains, and yeasts. Active extracts were subjected to serial dilutions to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The dichloromethane extracts of Otoba novogranatensis Moldenke (fruit), whose extract exhibited activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis (MIC 50 µg/mL); Odonellia hirtiflora (M. Martens & Galeotti) K.R. Rob. (aerial parts), which showed significant inhibition against Mycobacterium smegmatis (MIC 62.5 µg/mL); and Mespilodaphne morae (Gómez-Laur.) (bark and wood), whose extract demonstrated activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis (MIC 100 µg/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 125 µg/mL); as well as the methanolic extract of Billia rosea (Planch. & Linden) C. Ulloa & P. Jørg. (leaf), which exhibited activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis and Candida albicans (MIC 100 µg/mL). These results highlight the potential of Panamanian biodiversity as a source of new antimicrobial compounds and emphasize the importance of continuing the isolation and characterization of the metabolites responsible for the observed activity.
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