Evaluación de la genotoxicidad del agua del río Siete en juveniles de tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus mediante la prueba de micronúcleos y ensayo cometa

Juan Antonio Gómez H.; Brython Josue Jaramillo Herrera; Roberto Eduardo  Román Mora; Janzel Villalaz; Italo Goti; Víctor Hugo  González; Sergio Valverde Durán; Mauro  Nirchio

doi:10.48204/j.scientia.v35n2.a7700

Enviado Julho 11, 2025

Publicado 2025-07-10

Artículos

Vol. 35 N.º 2 (2025): Scientia

Evaluación de la genotoxicidad del agua del río Siete en juveniles de tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus mediante la prueba de micronúcleos y ensayo cometa

Juan Antonio Gómez H. ⁺⁻
Brython Josue Jaramillo Herrera ⁺⁻
Roberto Eduardo Román Mora ⁺⁻
Janzel Villalaz ⁺⁻
Italo Goti ⁺⁻
Víctor Hugo González ⁺⁻
Sergio Valverde Durán ⁺⁻
Mauro Nirchio ⁺⁻

DOI https://doi.org/10.48204/j.scientia.v35n2.a7700

PDF (Español (España))

Referências

DOI: 10.48204/j.scientia.v35n2.a7700

Publicado: 2025-07-10

Como Citar

Gómez H. , J. A., Jaramillo Herrera , B. J., Román Mora , R. E., Villalaz , J., Goti , I., González , V. H., Valverde Durán , S., & Nirchio , M. (2025). Evaluación de la genotoxicidad del agua del río Siete en juveniles de tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus mediante la prueba de micronúcleos y ensayo cometa . Scientia, 35(2), 52–78. https://doi.org/10.48204/j.scientia.v35n2.a7700

Este trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Licença Internacional Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial-CompartilhaIgual 4.0.

Resumo

La contaminación por metales pesados es una de las principales amenazas para los ecosistemas acuáticos que genera efectos adversos sobre la biota. En este estudio, se evaluó la genotoxicidad del agua del río Siete en juveniles de Oreochromis niloticus mediante el ensayo de micronúcleos y el ensayo Cometa. Se establecieron cinco tratamientos con diferentes concentraciones de agua contaminada (0 %, 10 %, 25 %, 50 % y 100 %), para la evaluación de la supervivencia y los efectos genotóxicos en eritrocitos tras 19 días de exposición. El análisis del agua y sedimentos reveló que las concentraciones de arsénico en el agua y el plomo en lo sedimentos superan los límites normativos, lo que podría representar un riesgo ambiental para la biota acuática. Los biomarcadores genotóxicos mostraron una relación dosis-dependiente con la contaminación, evidencia por un aumento significado en la frecuencia de micronúcleos y en la fragmentación del ADN en los tratamientos con mayores concentraciones de agua contaminada (p < 0,05). El ensayo Cometa reflejó niveles progresivos de daño en el ADN, se observó una disminución en la actividad locomotora en los peces expuestos a metales pesados, mientras que en el grupo control se registró un aumento en la agresión intraespecífica y el canibalismo. Estos resultados subrayan la importancia del monitoreo ambiental continuo y el uso de O. niloticus como bioindicador de contaminación por metales pesados en ecosistemas acuáticos.

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