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With the purpose of evaluating trophic structure at the level of functional feeding groups of aquatic insect communities and biological water quality in the Cardenillo River, a total of three sampling stations were established. At each sampling station, the sampling effort unit was consistent at one hour. Sampling campaigns were carried out from the months of June to November 2015. A “D” net (500 ?m) was used to scan all habitats within the sampling stations. For the biological water quality analysis, the following indexes were employed: BMWP’-Pan adapted for Panama and EPT. The assignment of functional feeding groups (collectorsfilters, collectors-gatherers, scrapers, predators and shredders) was done primarily according to the specialized literature on neotropical taxa. Collectors/gatherers dominated in abundance. The water quality with BMWP´-Pan, showed good, and according to the EPT index the waters are good with no apparent impact.