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Protocol and ceremonial manuals have existed since millenary times, one of the oldest known is the Code of Hammurabi (King of Babylon, XVIII century B.C.), created to regulate the rules of coexistence among citizens. In the case of universities, it could be said that protocol rules have been in place since they were created in the 8th century. The objective of this quantitative research is to know the existence and use of protocol and ceremonial manuals in Panamanian universities. The method used for this exploratory study was a documentary analysis technique and the application of surveys to protocol and ceremonial managers in official and private Panamanian universities. In Panama, only one university has a registered university protocol and ceremonial manual, out of 42 existing universities. The need for training programs is highlighted as a starting point for those in charge to understand university protocol norms and therefore raise awareness of the need to document each activity, a necessary input for the creation of university protocol and ceremonial manuals, for the unification of the institutional image and to contribute to the teaching of future professionals in this area.
Este obra está bajo una licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional.
