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Since their first applications in the 19th century, dental cements have evolved significantly, changing from basic materials such as zinc phosphate to more modern compounds such as glass ionomers and resin cements. This evolution has improved fundamental properties such as adhesion, biocompatibility and strength, contributing to better retention of restorations and prostheses. This article aims to provide an-in-depth analysis of these essential materials in dental practice, encompassing their history, uses, advantages, disadvantages and evolution, as well as to evaluate their cost-benefit ratio.