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Software engineering is an interdisciplinary field that applies to all areas of human knowledge, utilizing digital information systems. It is at the forefront of the third industrial revolution, which has been emerging since the advent of information technology and has significantly impacted society. The robotization and automation of industrial manufacturing processes characterize the fourth industrial revolution, also marked by software engineering. As a result, a systemic transformation of all social phenomena, including education, has occurred. In computer science, this transformation necessitates a particular shift in teaching design methods, equipment, tools, and professional practice, enabling a country's productive apparatus to remain competitive in a highly interconnected world. This article presents a systematic review of international documents on Industry 4.0, highlighting the impact of its complexity on social phenomena and changes in the training of software engineering professionals. The article concludes with an urgent call for a critical, dynamic, and permanent revision of the professional study offered in the areas covered by software engineering to meet the demands of the modern Panamanian economy.