NUEVOS CONCEPTOS SOBRE EL LÍQUIDO CEFALORRAQUÍDEO: EL SISTEMA GLINFÁTICO

Luis Andros

Enviado octubre 27, 2024

Publicado 2026-02-02

Artículos de Investigación

Vol. 28 Núm. 2 (2015): Revista Médico Científica

NUEVOS CONCEPTOS SOBRE EL LÍQUIDO CEFALORRAQUÍDEO: EL SISTEMA GLINFÁTICO

Luis Andros⁺⁻

PDF

Citación:

DOI: ND

Publicado: 2026-02-02

Derechos de autor 2024 Revista médico científica

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.

Resumen

El modelo tradicional de la hidrodinámica del líquido cefalorraquídeo ha sido cuestionado fuertemente desde su concepción. En dicho modelo se expone que el líquido cefalorraquídeo es secretado por los plexos coroideos de los ventrículos cerebrales, que luego viaja al espacio subaracnoideo para luego ser absorbido hacia los senos venosos a través de las vellosidades aracnoideas. Actualmente sabemos que el líquido intersticial intracerebral está en comunicación con el líquido cefalorraquídeo del espacio subaracnoideo y que puede ser fuente importante en la formación de este último. Sabemos además, que el 50% del líquido cefalorraquídeo llega a los linfáticos cervicales a través de la lámina cribiforme. Los espacios de Virchow-Robin y la acuaporina-4 de los astrocitos pericapilares forman un sistema importante para la circulación del líquido intersticial cerebral. Dicha vía se conoce actualmente con el nombre de sistema glinfático y juega un papel importante en ciertas enfermedades degenerativas y el edema cerebral.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

- Herbowski L. The maze of cerebrospian fluid discovery. Anat Res Int 2013:1-8
- Hajdu SI. A note from history: discovery of the cerebrospinal fluid. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2003 Summer; 33(3):334-6.
- Chikly B, Quaghebeur J. Reassessing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hydrodynamics: a literature review presenting a novel hypothesis for CSF physiology. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2013 Jul;17(3):344-54.
- Brinker T, Stopa E, Morrison J, Klinge P. A new look at cerebrospinal fluid circulation. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2014 May 1;11:10.
- Hladky SB, Barrand MA. Mechanisms of fluid movement into, through and out of the brain: evaluation of the evidence. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2014 Dec 2;11(1):26.
- Sakka L1, Coll G, Chazal J. Anatomy and physiology of cerebrospinal fluid. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 2011 Dec; 128(6):309 16.
- Oreskovic D, Klarica M. The formation of cerebrospinal fluid: nearly a hundred years of interpretations and misinterpretations. Brain Res Rev. 2010 Sep 24;64(2):241-62.
- Johanson CE, Duncan JA 3rd, Klinge PM, Brinker T, Stopa EG, Silverberg GD. Multiplicity of cerebrospinal fluid functions: New challenges in health and disease. Cerebrospinal Fluid Res. 2008 May 14;5:10.
- Trevisi G, Frassanito P, Di Rocco C. Idiopathic cerebrospinal fluid overproduction: case-based review of the pathophysiological mechanism implied in the cerebrospinal fluid production. Croat Med J. 2014 Aug; 55(4): 377-387.
- Krishnamurthy S, Li J, Schultz L, Jenrow KA. Increased CSF osmolarity reversibly induces hydrocephalus in the normal rat brain. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2012 Jul 11;9(1):13.
- Klarica M, Oreskovic D, Bozic B, Vukic M, Butkovic V, Bulat M. New experimental model of acute aqueductal blockage in cats: effects on cerebrospinal fluid pressure and the size of brain ventricles. Neuroscience. 2009 Feb 18;158(4):1397-405.
- Oreskovic D, Klarica M. Measurement of cerebrospinal fluid formation and absorption by ventriculo-cisternal perfusion: what is really measured?. Croat Med J. 2014 Aug; 55(4): 317-327.
- Kapoor KG, Katz SE, Grzybowski DM, Lubow M. Cerebrospinal fluid outflow: an evolving perspective. Brain Res Bull. 2008 Dec 16;77(6):327-34.
- Pollay M. The function and structure of the cerebrospinal fluid outflow system. Cerebrospinal Fluid Res. 2010; 7: 9.
- Koh L, Zakharov A, Johnston M. Integration of the subarachnoid space and lymphatics: is it time to embrace a new concept of cerebrospinal fluid absorption?. Cerebrospinal Fluid Res. 2005 Sep 20;2:6.
- Mathieu E, Gupta N, Macdonald RL, Ai J, Yücel YH. In Vivo Imaging of Lymphatic Drainage of Cerebrospinal Fluid in Mouse. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2013; 10: 35.
- Rammling M, Madan M, Paul L, Behnam B, Pattisapu JV. Evidence for reduced lymphatic CSF absorption in the H-Tx rat hydrocephalus model. Cerebrospinal Fluid Res. 2008; 5: 15.
- Murtha LA, Yang Q, Parsons MW, Levi CR, Beard DJ, Spratt NJ, McLeod DD. Cerebrospinal fluid is drained primarily via the spinal canal and olfactory route in young and aged spontaneously hypertensive rats. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2014 Jun 6;11:12.
- Iliff JJ, Wang M, Liao Y, Plogg BA, Peng W, Gundersen GA, Benveniste H, Vates GE, Deane R, Goldman SA, Nagelhus EA, Nedergaard M. A paravascular pathway facilitates CSF flow through the brain parenchyma and the clearance of interstitial solutes, including amyloid ?. Sci Transl Med. 2012 Aug 15;4(147):147ra111.
- Zhang ET, Inman CB, Weller RO. Interrelationships of the pia mater and the perivascular (Virchow-Robin) spaces in the human cerebrum. J Anat. 1990 Jun;170:111-23.
- Nakada T. Virchow-Robin space and aquaporin-4: new insights on an old friend. Croat Med J. 2014 Aug 28;55(4):328-36.
- Badaut J, Lasbennes F, Magistretti PJ, Regli L. Aquaporins in brain: distribution, physiology, and pathophysiology. 1 Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2002 Apr;22(4):367-78.
- Fukuda A, Badaut J. Aquaporin 4: A Player in Cerebral Edema and Neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation. 2012;9(279)
- Iliff JJ, Nedergaard M. Is there a cerebral lymphatic system?. Stroke. 2013 Jun;44(6 Suppl1):593-5.
- Strittmatter WJ. Bathing the brain. 1 Clin Invest. 2013 Mar;123(3):1013-5.
- Yang L, Kress BT, Weber HJ, Thiyagarajan M, Wang B, Deane R, Benveniste H, Iliff JJ, Nedergaard M. Evaluating glymphatic pathway function utilizing clinically relevant intrathecal infusion of CSF tracer. J Transl Med. 2013 May 1;11:107.
- Iliff JJ, Lee H, Yu M, Feng T, Logan J, Nedergaard M, Benveniste H.Brain-wide pathway for waste clearance captured by contrast-enhanced MRI. J Clin Invest. 2013 Mar 1; 123(3): 1299-1309.
- Yamada S. Cerebrospinal fluid physiology: visualization of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics using the magnetic resonance imaging Time Spatial Inversion Pulse method. Croat Med J. 2014 Aug; 55(4): 337-346.
- Iliff JJ, Wang M, Zeppenfeld DM, Venkataraman A, Plog BA, Liao Y, Deane R, Nedergaard M. Cerebral arterial pulsation drives paravascular
CSF-interstitial fluid exchange in the murine brain. J Neurosci. 2013 Nov 13;33(46):18190-9.
-Yamada S, Miyazaki M, Yamashita Y, Ouyang C, Yui M, Nakahashi M, Shimizu S, Aoki 1, Morohoshi Y, McComb JG. Influence of respiration on cerebrospinal fluid movement using magnetic resonance spin labeling. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2013 Dec 27;10(1):36.
- Kress BT, Iliff JJ, Xia M, Wang M, Wei HS, Zeppenfeld D, Xie L, Kang H, Xu Q, Liew JA, Plog BA, Ding F, Deane R, Nedergaard M.
Impairment of paravascular clearance pathways in the aging brain. Ann Neurol. 2014 Dec; 76(6):845-61.
- Xie L1, Kang H, Xu Q, Chen MJ, Liao Y, Thiyagarajan M, O'Donnell J, Christensen DJ, Nicholson C, Iliff JJ, Takano T, Deane R, Nedergaard M. Sleep drives metabolite clearance from the adult brain. Science. 2013 Oct 18;342(6156):373-7.
- Ojo J0, Mouzon B, Greenberg MB, Bachmeier C, Mullan M, Crawford F. Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury augments tau pathology and glial activation in aged hTau mice. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2013 Feb;72(2):137-51.
- Iliff JJ, Chen MJ, Plog BA, Zeppenfeld DM, Soltero M, Yang L, Singh 1, Deane R, Nedergaard M. Impairment of glymphatic pathway function promotes tau pathology after traumatic brain injury. J Neurosci. 2014 Dec 3;34(49):16180-93.
- Oshio K, Watanabe H,Song Y, Verkman AS, Manley GT. Reduced cerebrospinal fluid production and intracranial pressure in mice lacking choroid plexus water channel Aquaporin-1. FASEB J. 2005 Jan; 19(1):76-8.
- Papadopoulos MC, Verkman AS. Aquaporin-4 and brain edema. Pediatr Nephrol. 2007 Jun;22(6):778-84.
- Fukuda AM, Adami A, Pop V, Bellone JA, Coats JS, Hartman RE, Ashwal S, Obenaus A, Badaut J. Posttraumatic reduction of edema with aquaporin-4 RNA interference improves acute and chronic functional recovery. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2013 Oct;33(10):1621-32.
- Igarashi H, Huber VJ, Tsujita M, Nakada T. Pretreatment with a novel aquaporin 4 inhibitor, TGN-020, significantly reduces ischemic cerebral edema. Neurol Sci. 2011 Feb;32(1):113-6.
- Yao X, Derugin N, Manley GT, Verkman AS. Reduced brain edema and infarct volume in aquaporin-4 deficient mice after transient focal cerebral ischemia. Neurosci Lett. 2015 Jan 1;584:368-72.
- Thrane AS, Rappold PM, Fujita T, Torres A, Bekar LK, Takano T, Peng W, Wang F, Rangroo Thrane V, Enger R, Haj-Yasein NN, Skare Q, Holen T, Klungland A,Ottersen OP, Nedergaard M, Nagelhus EA. Critical role of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in astrocytic Ca2+ signaling events elicited by cerebral edema. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Jan 11;108(2):846-51
- Chen SI, Yang JF, Kong FP, Ren JL, Hao K, Li M, Yuan Y, Chen XC, Yu RS, Li JF, Leng G, Chen XQ, Du JZ. Overactivation of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 1 and aquaporin-4 by hypoxia induces cerebral edema. Proc Natl Acad Sci U SA. 2014 Sep 9;111(36):13199-204.
- Chu H, Xiang J, Wu P, Su J, Ding H, Tang Y, Dong Q. The role of aquaporin 4 in apoptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage. J Neuroinflammation. 2014 Oct 31;11:184.
- Papadopoulos MC, Manley GT, Krishna S, Verkman AS. Aquaporin-4 facilitates reabsorption of excess fluid in vasogenic brain edema. FASEB J. 2004 Aug;18(11):1291-3.
- Bradley WG Jr. CSF Flow in the Brain in the Context of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2015 May;36(5):831- 838
- Castañeyra-Ruiz L, González-Marrero 1, González-Toledo JM, Castañeyra-Ruiz A, de Paz-Carmona H, Castañeyra-Perdomo A, Carmona-Calero EM. Aquaporin-4 expression in the cerebrospinal fluid in congenital human hydrocephalus. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2013 May 9;10(1):18.

Palabras clave

PDF

Resumen visto - 9 veces
PDF descargado - 0

Licencia

Content Top

[1] - Herbowski L. The maze of cerebrospian fluid discovery. Anat Res Int 2013:1-8

[2] - Hajdu SI. A note from history: discovery of the cerebrospinal fluid. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2003 Summer; 33(3):334-6.

[3] - Chikly B, Quaghebeur J. Reassessing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hydrodynamics: a literature review presenting a novel hypothesis for CSF physiology. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2013 Jul;17(3):344-54.

[4] - Brinker T, Stopa E, Morrison J, Klinge P. A new look at cerebrospinal fluid circulation. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2014 May 1;11:10.

[5] - Hladky SB, Barrand MA. Mechanisms of fluid movement into, through and out of the brain: evaluation of the evidence. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2014 Dec 2;11(1):26.

[6] - Sakka L1, Coll G, Chazal J. Anatomy and physiology of cerebrospinal fluid. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 2011 Dec; 128(6):309 16.

[7] - Oreskovic D, Klarica M. The formation of cerebrospinal fluid: nearly a hundred years of interpretations and misinterpretations. Brain Res Rev. 2010 Sep 24;64(2):241-62.

[8] - Johanson CE, Duncan JA 3rd, Klinge PM, Brinker T, Stopa EG, Silverberg GD. Multiplicity of cerebrospinal fluid functions: New challenges in health and disease. Cerebrospinal Fluid Res. 2008 May 14;5:10.

[9] - Trevisi G, Frassanito P, Di Rocco C. Idiopathic cerebrospinal fluid overproduction: case-based review of the pathophysiological mechanism implied in the cerebrospinal fluid production. Croat Med J. 2014 Aug; 55(4): 377-387.

[10] - Krishnamurthy S, Li J, Schultz L, Jenrow KA. Increased CSF osmolarity reversibly induces hydrocephalus in the normal rat brain. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2012 Jul 11;9(1):13.

[11] - Klarica M, Oreskovic D, Bozic B, Vukic M, Butkovic V, Bulat M. New experimental model of acute aqueductal blockage in cats: effects on cerebrospinal fluid pressure and the size of brain ventricles. Neuroscience. 2009 Feb 18;158(4):1397-405.

[12] - Oreskovic D, Klarica M. Measurement of cerebrospinal fluid formation and absorption by ventriculo-cisternal perfusion: what is really measured?. Croat Med J. 2014 Aug; 55(4): 317-327.

[13] - Kapoor KG, Katz SE, Grzybowski DM, Lubow M. Cerebrospinal fluid outflow: an evolving perspective. Brain Res Bull. 2008 Dec 16;77(6):327-34.

[14] - Pollay M. The function and structure of the cerebrospinal fluid outflow system. Cerebrospinal Fluid Res. 2010; 7: 9.

[15] - Koh L, Zakharov A, Johnston M. Integration of the subarachnoid space and lymphatics: is it time to embrace a new concept of cerebrospinal fluid absorption?. Cerebrospinal Fluid Res. 2005 Sep 20;2:6.

[16] - Mathieu E, Gupta N, Macdonald RL, Ai J, Yücel YH. In Vivo Imaging of Lymphatic Drainage of Cerebrospinal Fluid in Mouse. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2013; 10: 35.

[17] - Rammling M, Madan M, Paul L, Behnam B, Pattisapu JV. Evidence for reduced lymphatic CSF absorption in the H-Tx rat hydrocephalus model. Cerebrospinal Fluid Res. 2008; 5: 15.

[18] - Murtha LA, Yang Q, Parsons MW, Levi CR, Beard DJ, Spratt NJ, McLeod DD. Cerebrospinal fluid is drained primarily via the spinal canal and olfactory route in young and aged spontaneously hypertensive rats. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2014 Jun 6;11:12.

[19] - Iliff JJ, Wang M, Liao Y, Plogg BA, Peng W, Gundersen GA, Benveniste H, Vates GE, Deane R, Goldman SA, Nagelhus EA, Nedergaard M. A paravascular pathway facilitates CSF flow through the brain parenchyma and the clearance of interstitial solutes, including amyloid ?. Sci Transl Med. 2012 Aug 15;4(147):147ra111.

[20] - Zhang ET, Inman CB, Weller RO. Interrelationships of the pia mater and the perivascular (Virchow-Robin) spaces in the human cerebrum. J Anat. 1990 Jun;170:111-23.

[21] - Nakada T. Virchow-Robin space and aquaporin-4: new insights on an old friend. Croat Med J. 2014 Aug 28;55(4):328-36.

[22] - Badaut J, Lasbennes F, Magistretti PJ, Regli L. Aquaporins in brain: distribution, physiology, and pathophysiology. 1 Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2002 Apr;22(4):367-78.

[23] - Fukuda A, Badaut J. Aquaporin 4: A Player in Cerebral Edema and Neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation. 2012;9(279)

[24] - Iliff JJ, Nedergaard M. Is there a cerebral lymphatic system?. Stroke. 2013 Jun;44(6 Suppl1):593-5.

[25] - Strittmatter WJ. Bathing the brain. 1 Clin Invest. 2013 Mar;123(3):1013-5.

[26] - Yang L, Kress BT, Weber HJ, Thiyagarajan M, Wang B, Deane R, Benveniste H, Iliff JJ, Nedergaard M. Evaluating glymphatic pathway function utilizing clinically relevant intrathecal infusion of CSF tracer. J Transl Med. 2013 May 1;11:107.

[27] - Iliff JJ, Lee H, Yu M, Feng T, Logan J, Nedergaard M, Benveniste H.Brain-wide pathway for waste clearance captured by contrast-enhanced MRI. J Clin Invest. 2013 Mar 1; 123(3): 1299-1309.

[28] - Yamada S. Cerebrospinal fluid physiology: visualization of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics using the magnetic resonance imaging Time Spatial Inversion Pulse method. Croat Med J. 2014 Aug; 55(4): 337-346.

[29] - Iliff JJ, Wang M, Zeppenfeld DM, Venkataraman A, Plog BA, Liao Y, Deane R, Nedergaard M. Cerebral arterial pulsation drives paravascular

[30] CSF-interstitial fluid exchange in the murine brain. J Neurosci. 2013 Nov 13;33(46):18190-9.

[31] -Yamada S, Miyazaki M, Yamashita Y, Ouyang C, Yui M, Nakahashi M, Shimizu S, Aoki 1, Morohoshi Y, McComb JG. Influence of respiration on cerebrospinal fluid movement using magnetic resonance spin labeling. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2013 Dec 27;10(1):36.

[32] - Kress BT, Iliff JJ, Xia M, Wang M, Wei HS, Zeppenfeld D, Xie L, Kang H, Xu Q, Liew JA, Plog BA, Ding F, Deane R, Nedergaard M.

[33] Impairment of paravascular clearance pathways in the aging brain. Ann Neurol. 2014 Dec; 76(6):845-61.

[34] - Xie L1, Kang H, Xu Q, Chen MJ, Liao Y, Thiyagarajan M, O'Donnell J, Christensen DJ, Nicholson C, Iliff JJ, Takano T, Deane R, Nedergaard M. Sleep drives metabolite clearance from the adult brain. Science. 2013 Oct 18;342(6156):373-7.

[35] - Ojo J0, Mouzon B, Greenberg MB, Bachmeier C, Mullan M, Crawford F. Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury augments tau pathology and glial activation in aged hTau mice. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2013 Feb;72(2):137-51.

[36] - Iliff JJ, Chen MJ, Plog BA, Zeppenfeld DM, Soltero M, Yang L, Singh 1, Deane R, Nedergaard M. Impairment of glymphatic pathway function promotes tau pathology after traumatic brain injury. J Neurosci. 2014 Dec 3;34(49):16180-93.

[37] - Oshio K, Watanabe H,Song Y, Verkman AS, Manley GT. Reduced cerebrospinal fluid production and intracranial pressure in mice lacking choroid plexus water channel Aquaporin-1. FASEB J. 2005 Jan; 19(1):76-8.

[38] - Papadopoulos MC, Verkman AS. Aquaporin-4 and brain edema. Pediatr Nephrol. 2007 Jun;22(6):778-84.

[39] - Fukuda AM, Adami A, Pop V, Bellone JA, Coats JS, Hartman RE, Ashwal S, Obenaus A, Badaut J. Posttraumatic reduction of edema with aquaporin-4 RNA interference improves acute and chronic functional recovery. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2013 Oct;33(10):1621-32.

[40] - Igarashi H, Huber VJ, Tsujita M, Nakada T. Pretreatment with a novel aquaporin 4 inhibitor, TGN-020, significantly reduces ischemic cerebral edema. Neurol Sci. 2011 Feb;32(1):113-6.

[41] - Yao X, Derugin N, Manley GT, Verkman AS. Reduced brain edema and infarct volume in aquaporin-4 deficient mice after transient focal cerebral ischemia. Neurosci Lett. 2015 Jan 1;584:368-72.

[42] - Thrane AS, Rappold PM, Fujita T, Torres A, Bekar LK, Takano T, Peng W, Wang F, Rangroo Thrane V, Enger R, Haj-Yasein NN, Skare Q, Holen T, Klungland A,Ottersen OP, Nedergaard M, Nagelhus EA. Critical role of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in astrocytic Ca2+ signaling events elicited by cerebral edema. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Jan 11;108(2):846-51

[43] - Chen SI, Yang JF, Kong FP, Ren JL, Hao K, Li M, Yuan Y, Chen XC, Yu RS, Li JF, Leng G, Chen XQ, Du JZ. Overactivation of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 1 and aquaporin-4 by hypoxia induces cerebral edema. Proc Natl Acad Sci U SA. 2014 Sep 9;111(36):13199-204.

[44] - Chu H, Xiang J, Wu P, Su J, Ding H, Tang Y, Dong Q. The role of aquaporin 4 in apoptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage. J Neuroinflammation. 2014 Oct 31;11:184.

[45] - Papadopoulos MC, Manley GT, Krishna S, Verkman AS. Aquaporin-4 facilitates reabsorption of excess fluid in vasogenic brain edema. FASEB J. 2004 Aug;18(11):1291-3.

[46] - Bradley WG Jr. CSF Flow in the Brain in the Context of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2015 May;36(5):831- 838

[47] - Castañeyra-Ruiz L, González-Marrero 1, González-Toledo JM, Castañeyra-Ruiz A, de Paz-Carmona H, Castañeyra-Perdomo A, Carmona-Calero EM. Aquaporin-4 expression in the cerebrospinal fluid in congenital human hydrocephalus. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2013 May 9;10(1):18.

Imagen de portada

Resumen

Descargas

Citas

Palabras clave

Licencia