IMPACTO DEL DISTANCIAMIENTO FÍSICO EN LA SALUD MENTAL Y CÓMO PREVENIRLO: REVISIÓN DE LA LITERATURA

Frank Rodríguez; Allissan Orobio; Daniela Marulanda

Enviado noviembre 2, 2024

Publicado 2026-02-02

Artículos de Investigación

Vol. 33 Núm. 2 (2020): Revista Médico Científica

IMPACTO DEL DISTANCIAMIENTO FÍSICO EN LA SALUD MENTAL Y CÓMO PREVENIRLO: REVISIÓN DE LA LITERATURA

Frank Rodríguez⁺⁻
Allissan Orobio⁺⁻
Daniela Marulanda⁺⁻

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DOI: ND

Publicado: 2026-02-02

Derechos de autor 2024 Revista médico científica

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.

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ANTECEDENTES:La actual pandemia por coronavirus representa un reto sanitario sin precedentes, haciendo hincapié en que epidemias pasadas de influenza y otros virus respiratorios sugieren un vínculo entre brotes de nuevas enfermedades respiratorias y trastornos mentales.

OBJETIVO:Dar a conocer el impacto sobre la salud mental del distanciamiento físico y las medidas sanitarias implementadas por los gobiernos durante la actual pandemia por coronavirus. Describir la prevalencia de trastornos de la salud mental registrados en epidemias de enfermedades respiratorias anteriores en población general, pacientes infectados y personal de salud. Recopilar las enseñanzas de epidemias previas para evaluar las medidas de prevención que surgieron a raíz de estas.

DISEÑO:Se utilizaron artículos científicos publicados entre septiembre del 2004 y junio del 2020, que fueron seleccionados por su relevancia y calidad de contenido, siendo ejemplos revistas como Cureus, Lancet Psychiatry, The Lancet, International Journal of Mental Health Systems y Cambridge Core, obtenidos a través de sus bibliotecas virtuales también se basó en información obtenida a través del portal de la Organización Mundial de la Salud.

CONCLUSIÓN:Si la actual pandemia sigue la misma dirección que epidemias anteriores, la salud mental de una gran proporción de la población se verá afectada, por ende, es importante tomar en cuenta las medidas de protección que buscan disminuir el impacto negativo sobre la salud mental. Entre estas medidas se incluyen el mantener actualizada a la población, proporcionar suministros adecuados y prestar especial atención a la salud mental del personal de la salud y de poblaciones vulnerables.

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Choi K, Heilemann M, FauerA, Mead M. A Second Pandemic: Mental Health Spillover From the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19). J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc. [Internet] 2020; 26(4):340-343 [citado el 5 de junio del 2020]. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32340586/
United Nations. Policy Brief: COVID-19 and the need for action on Mental Health. 2020. Disponible en: https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/un_policy_brief-covid_and_mental_health_final.pdf
Shah K, Kamrai D, Mekala H, Mann B, Desai K, Patel R. Focus on Mental Health During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Applying Learnings from the Past Outbreaks. March 25, 2020. Cureus 12(3): e7405. DOI 10.7759/cureus.7405.
Pereira V, Adiukwu F, El Hayek S et al. COVID-19 effect on mental health: patients and workforce. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020; 7(6):e29-30. Disponible en: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(20)30153-X/fulltext
Brooks S, Webster R, Smith L, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, Rubin G. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet 2020; 395(10227):912-920. Disponible en: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30460-8/fulltext
Rogers J, Chesney E, Oliver D, Pollak T, McGuire P, Fusar-Poli P et al. Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations associated with severe coronavirus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis withcomparison to the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Psychiatric 2020;7(7): 611-627. Disponible en: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(20)30203-0/fulltext
Shuja KH, Aqeel M, Jaffar A, Ahmed A.COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND IMPENDING GLOBAL MENTAL HEALTH IMPLICATIONS. Psychiatria Danubina, 2020; 32(1):32-35. Disponible en: http://www.psychiatria-danubina.com/UserDocsImages/pdf/dnb_vol32_no1/dnb_vol32_no1_32.pdf
Barbisch D, Koenig K, Shih F. Is there a case for quarantine? perspectives from SARS to Ebola [Internet]. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2015 ;9(5):547-53 Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25797363/
?osi?K, Popovi?S, Šarlija M, Kesedži?I.Impact of Human Disasters and COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health: Potential of Digital Psychiatry.Psychiatria Danubina, 2020; 32(1) 25-31. Disponible en:http://www.psychiatria-danubina.com/UserDocsImages/pdf/dnb_vol32_no1/dnb_vol32_no1_25.pdf
Armitage R, NellumsL. COVID-19 and the consequences of isolating the elderly. Lancet Public Health. 2020; 5(5);256. Disponible en: https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lanpub/PIIS2468-2667(20)30061-X.pdf
Gunnell D, Appleby L, Arensman E, Hawton K, John A, Kapur N et al. Suicide risk and prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020; 7(6) 468-470. Disponible en: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(20)30171-1/fulltext
Bai Y, Lin C, Lin C, Chen J, Chue C, Chou P. Survey of Stress Reactions Among Health Care Workers Involved With the SARS Outbreak. Psychiatr Serv. 2004; 55(9):1055-1057. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15345768/
Rubin G, Wessely S. The psychological effects of quarantining a city. The BMJ. 2020;368:m313. Disponible en: https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m313
Jeong H, Woo Yim H, Song YJ, Ki M, Min JA , Cho J, Chae JH . Mental health status of people isolated due to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. Epidemiol Health. 2016;38:e2016048. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2016048
Reynolds D, Garay J, Deamond S, Moran M, Gold W, StyraR. Understanding, compliance and psychological impact of the SARS quarantine experience. Epidemiology & Infection. 2007;136(7):997-1007. Disponible en: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/epidemiology-and-infection/article/understanding-compliance-and-psychological-impact-of-the-sars-quarantine-experience/7AE55E5054DEC1A1D23679FD9E05A52B
Yoon M, Kim S, Ko H, Lee M. System effectiveness of detection, brief intervention and refer to treatment for the people with post-traumatic emotional distress by MERS: a case report of community-based proactive intervention in South Korea. Int J Ment Health Syst. 2016; 8(10):51. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27504141/

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[1] Choi K, Heilemann M, FauerA, Mead M. A Second Pandemic: Mental Health Spillover From the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19). J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc. [Internet] 2020; 26(4):340-343 [citado el 5 de junio del 2020]. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32340586/

[2] United Nations. Policy Brief: COVID-19 and the need for action on Mental Health. 2020. Disponible en: https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/un_policy_brief-covid_and_mental_health_final.pdf

[3] Shah K, Kamrai D, Mekala H, Mann B, Desai K, Patel R. Focus on Mental Health During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Applying Learnings from the Past Outbreaks. March 25, 2020. Cureus 12(3): e7405. DOI 10.7759/cureus.7405.

[4] Pereira V, Adiukwu F, El Hayek S et al. COVID-19 effect on mental health: patients and workforce. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020; 7(6):e29-30. Disponible en: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(20)30153-X/fulltext

[5] Brooks S, Webster R, Smith L, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, Rubin G. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet 2020; 395(10227):912-920. Disponible en: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30460-8/fulltext

[6] Rogers J, Chesney E, Oliver D, Pollak T, McGuire P, Fusar-Poli P et al. Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations associated with severe coronavirus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis withcomparison to the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Psychiatric 2020;7(7): 611-627. Disponible en: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(20)30203-0/fulltext

[7] Shuja KH, Aqeel M, Jaffar A, Ahmed A.COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND IMPENDING GLOBAL MENTAL HEALTH IMPLICATIONS. Psychiatria Danubina, 2020; 32(1):32-35. Disponible en: http://www.psychiatria-danubina.com/UserDocsImages/pdf/dnb_vol32_no1/dnb_vol32_no1_32.pdf

[8] Barbisch D, Koenig K, Shih F. Is there a case for quarantine? perspectives from SARS to Ebola [Internet]. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2015 ;9(5):547-53 Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25797363/

[9] ?osi?K, Popovi?S, Šarlija M, Kesedži?I.Impact of Human Disasters and COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health: Potential of Digital Psychiatry.Psychiatria Danubina, 2020; 32(1) 25-31. Disponible en:http://www.psychiatria-danubina.com/UserDocsImages/pdf/dnb_vol32_no1/dnb_vol32_no1_25.pdf

[10] Armitage R, NellumsL. COVID-19 and the consequences of isolating the elderly. Lancet Public Health. 2020; 5(5);256. Disponible en: https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lanpub/PIIS2468-2667(20)30061-X.pdf

[11] Gunnell D, Appleby L, Arensman E, Hawton K, John A, Kapur N et al. Suicide risk and prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020; 7(6) 468-470. Disponible en: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(20)30171-1/fulltext

[12] Bai Y, Lin C, Lin C, Chen J, Chue C, Chou P. Survey of Stress Reactions Among Health Care Workers Involved With the SARS Outbreak. Psychiatr Serv. 2004; 55(9):1055-1057. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15345768/

[13] Rubin G, Wessely S. The psychological effects of quarantining a city. The BMJ. 2020;368:m313. Disponible en: https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m313

[14] Jeong H, Woo Yim H, Song YJ, Ki M, Min JA , Cho J, Chae JH . Mental health status of people isolated due to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. Epidemiol Health. 2016;38:e2016048. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2016048

[15] Reynolds D, Garay J, Deamond S, Moran M, Gold W, StyraR. Understanding, compliance and psychological impact of the SARS quarantine experience. Epidemiology & Infection. 2007;136(7):997-1007. Disponible en: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/epidemiology-and-infection/article/understanding-compliance-and-psychological-impact-of-the-sars-quarantine-experience/7AE55E5054DEC1A1D23679FD9E05A52B

[16] Yoon M, Kim S, Ko H, Lee M. System effectiveness of detection, brief intervention and refer to treatment for the people with post-traumatic emotional distress by MERS: a case report of community-based proactive intervention in South Korea. Int J Ment Health Syst. 2016; 8(10):51. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27504141/

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