VIH EN GINECOLOGÍA

Konstantinos Tserotas

Enviado julio 19, 2025

Publicado 2026-04-06

Artículos de Investigación

Vol. 13 (2000): Revista Médico Científica

VIH EN GINECOLOGÍA

Konstantinos Tserotas⁺⁻

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DOI: ND

Publicado: 2026-04-06

Derechos de autor 2025 Revista médico científica

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.

Resumen

Las mujeres representan, hoy en día, el grupo de más rápido crecimiento en la epidemia del SIDA. La forma de contagio más común es la heterosexual y la transmisión hombre:mujer es 1,9 veces más eficiente que viceversa. Aquellas mujeres que practican relaciones sexuales anales tienen un riesgo aumentado de infección y algunos datos sugieren que los contraceptivos orales, que producen ectopia cervical, también pueden aumentar el riesgo de transmisión de VIH. Se estima que el 42% de las pacientes infectadas con el VIH padecen de enfermedades ginecológicas, que incluyen candidiasis vaginal, enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica, condilomas anogenitales, causados por el virus del papiloma humano y displasia cervical. Algunos datos también sugieren que la candidiasis esofágica, el síndrome de desgaste VIH, el 59 complejo Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare diseminado (MAI) y el herpes simplex recurrente pueden considerarse condiciones que definen el SIDA más comúnmente en mujeres que en hombres. Estudios preliminares sugieren que las mujeres con VIH sufren de una progresión más rápida de la enfermedad y su sobrevida es menor que la de los hombres. Esto se debe, probablemente, a condiciones sociales especialmente, por la menor capacidad económica de acudir a los servicios de salud.

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Padian N, Marquis L. Francis DP. Male-to-female transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. JAMA 1987;258:788-790.
European Study of the Heterosexual Transmission of HIV: Comparison of female to male and male to female in 563 stable couples. Br Med J 1992;304:1664-1667.
Levy JA, Human immunodeficiency viruses and the pathogenesis of AIDS. JAMA 1989;261(20): 2997-3006.
Moss GB, Clemetson D, D'Cesta L. Association of cervical ectopy with heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus: Results of a study of couples in Nairobi, Kenya. J Infect Dis 1991;164:588-591.
DeVincenzi I. A longitudinal study of human immunodeficiency virus transmission by heterosexual partners. N Engl J Med 1994;331:341-346.
Baulieu EE, Benagiano G, Brosens I. Sexual behavior, contraception, and the risk of contracting HIV. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1993;40:101-103.
Vogt MW, Witt DJ, Craven DE. Isolation patterns of the human immunodeficiency virus from cervical secretions during the menstrual cycle of women at risk for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med 1987;106:380-382.
Monzon OT, Capellan JMB. Female-to-female transmission of HIV. Lancet 1987;2:40-41.
Marmor M, Weiss LR, Lyden M. Possible female-to-female transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. Ann
Intern Med 1986;105:969.
Fleming PL, Ciesielski CA, Byers RH. Gender differences in reported AIDS indicator diagnosis. J Infect Dis
;168:61-67.
Melnick SL, Sherer R, Louis TA. Survival and disease progression according to gender of patients with HIV infection: The Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS. JAMA 1994;272:1915-1921.
Hankins CA, Handley MA. HIV disease and AIDS in women: Current knowledge and a research agenda. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1992;5:957-971.
Iman N, Carpenter CCJ, Mayer KH. Hierarchical pattern of mucosal Candida infections in HIV seropositive women. Am J Med 1990;89:142-146.
Moore RD, Hidalgo J, Sugland BW. Zidovudine and the natural history of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med 1991:324:1412-1416.
White MH. Is vulvovaginal candidiasis an AIDS-related illness? Clin Infect Dis 1996;22(suppl):s124-s127.
Sobel JD. Pathogenesis and treatment of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. Clin Infect Dis 1992;14(suppl):s148-s153.
Sobel JD. Management of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis with intermittent ketoconazole prophylaxis. Obstet Gynecol 1985;65:435-440.
Milne JD, Warnock DW. Effect of simultaneous oral and vaginal treatment on the rate of cure and relapse in vaginal candidiasis. Br J Vener Dis 1979;55:362-366.
Maenza JR, Keruly JC, Moore RD: Risk factors for fluconazole-resistant candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. J Infect Dis 1996;173:219-225.
Hoegsberg B, Abulafia O, Sedlis A: Sexually transmitted diseases and human immunodeficiency virus infection among women with pelvic inflammatory diseases. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990;163:1135-1139.
Safrin S, Datell BJ, Haver L: Seroprevalence and epidemiologic correlates of infection in women with acute pelvic inflammatory disease. Obstet Gynecol 1990;75:666-670.
Korn AP, Landers DV, Green JR: Pelvic inflammatory disease in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women. Obstet Gynecol 1993;82:765-786.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1993 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines. MMWR 199342:75-81, 89-91.
Safrin S, Arvin A, Mills J. Comparison of the Western immunoblot assay and a glycoprotein G enzyme immunoassay for detection of serum antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 2 in patients with AIDS. J Clin Microbiol 1992;30(5):1312-1314.
Siegel D, Golden E, Washington AE: Prevalence and correlates of herpes simplex infections: The population-based AIDS in Multiethnic Neighborhoods Study. JAMA 1992;268 (13):1702-1708.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Revision of the CDC surveillance case definition for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. MMWR 1987;36(suppl):1s-15s.
Valacyclovir. Med Lett 1996;38:3-4.
Snoeck R, Andrei G, Gérard M. Successful treatment of progressive mucocutaneous infection due to acyclovir- and foscarnet-resistant herpes simplex virus with (S)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl) cytosine (HPMPC). Clin Infect Dis 1994;18:570-578.
Vermund SH, Kelley KF, Klein RS: High risk of human papillomavirus infection and cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions among women with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991;165:392-400.
Johnson J, Burnett AF, Willet GD. High frequency of latent and clinical human papillomavirus cervical infections in immunocompromised HIV-infected women. Obstet Gynecol 1992;79:321-327.
Bongain A, Rampal A, Durant J, Michiels JF, Dellamonica P, Gillet JY. Cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1996;65(2):195-199.
Garzetti GG, Ciavattini A, Butini L, Vecchi A, Montroni M. Cervical dysplasia in HIV-seropositive women: role of human papillomavirus infection and immune status. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1995;40(1): 52-56.
Bornstein J, Rahat MA, Abramovici H. Etiology of cervical cancer: current concepts. Obstet Gynecol Surv 1995;50(2): 46-154.
Agarossi A, Muggiasca ML, Ravasi L. HIV infection and CIN. Eighth International Conference on AIDS. Amsterdam, 1992. Abstract P??3045.
Maiman M, Fruchter RG, Serur E. Recurrent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in human immunodeficiency virusseropositive women. Obstet Gynecol 1993;82:170-174.
Fruchter RG, Maiman M, Sedlis A, Bartley L, Camilien L, Arrastia CD. Multiple recurrences of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women with the human immunodeficiency virus. Obstet Gynecol 1996;87(3):338-344.
Maiman M. Cervical neoplasia in women with HIV infection. Oncology 1994;8:83-89.
Castro KG, Ward JW, Slutsker L. 1993 revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults. MMWR 1992;41:RR-17.
Macasaet MA, Duerr A, Thelmo W, Vernon SD, Unger ER. Kaposi sarcoma presenting as a vulvar mass. Obstet Gynecol 1995;86(4 Pt 2): 695-697

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[1] Padian N, Marquis L. Francis DP. Male-to-female transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. JAMA 1987;258:788-790.

[2] European Study of the Heterosexual Transmission of HIV: Comparison of female to male and male to female in 563 stable couples. Br Med J 1992;304:1664-1667.

[3] Levy JA, Human immunodeficiency viruses and the pathogenesis of AIDS. JAMA 1989;261(20): 2997-3006.

[4] Moss GB, Clemetson D, D'Cesta L. Association of cervical ectopy with heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus: Results of a study of couples in Nairobi, Kenya. J Infect Dis 1991;164:588-591.

[5] DeVincenzi I. A longitudinal study of human immunodeficiency virus transmission by heterosexual partners. N Engl J Med 1994;331:341-346.

[6] Baulieu EE, Benagiano G, Brosens I. Sexual behavior, contraception, and the risk of contracting HIV. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1993;40:101-103.

[7] Vogt MW, Witt DJ, Craven DE. Isolation patterns of the human immunodeficiency virus from cervical secretions during the menstrual cycle of women at risk for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med 1987;106:380-382.

[8] Monzon OT, Capellan JMB. Female-to-female transmission of HIV. Lancet 1987;2:40-41.

[9] Marmor M, Weiss LR, Lyden M. Possible female-to-female transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. Ann

[10] Intern Med 1986;105:969.

[11] Fleming PL, Ciesielski CA, Byers RH. Gender differences in reported AIDS indicator diagnosis. J Infect Dis

[12] ;168:61-67.

[13] Melnick SL, Sherer R, Louis TA. Survival and disease progression according to gender of patients with HIV infection: The Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS. JAMA 1994;272:1915-1921.

[14] Hankins CA, Handley MA. HIV disease and AIDS in women: Current knowledge and a research agenda. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1992;5:957-971.

[15] Iman N, Carpenter CCJ, Mayer KH. Hierarchical pattern of mucosal Candida infections in HIV seropositive women. Am J Med 1990;89:142-146.

[16] Moore RD, Hidalgo J, Sugland BW. Zidovudine and the natural history of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med 1991:324:1412-1416.

[17] White MH. Is vulvovaginal candidiasis an AIDS-related illness? Clin Infect Dis 1996;22(suppl):s124-s127.

[18] Sobel JD. Pathogenesis and treatment of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. Clin Infect Dis 1992;14(suppl):s148-s153.

[19] Sobel JD. Management of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis with intermittent ketoconazole prophylaxis. Obstet Gynecol 1985;65:435-440.

[20] Milne JD, Warnock DW. Effect of simultaneous oral and vaginal treatment on the rate of cure and relapse in vaginal candidiasis. Br J Vener Dis 1979;55:362-366.

[21] Maenza JR, Keruly JC, Moore RD: Risk factors for fluconazole-resistant candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. J Infect Dis 1996;173:219-225.

[22] Hoegsberg B, Abulafia O, Sedlis A: Sexually transmitted diseases and human immunodeficiency virus infection among women with pelvic inflammatory diseases. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990;163:1135-1139.

[23] Safrin S, Datell BJ, Haver L: Seroprevalence and epidemiologic correlates of infection in women with acute pelvic inflammatory disease. Obstet Gynecol 1990;75:666-670.

[24] Korn AP, Landers DV, Green JR: Pelvic inflammatory disease in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women. Obstet Gynecol 1993;82:765-786.

[25] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1993 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines. MMWR 199342:75-81, 89-91.

[26] Safrin S, Arvin A, Mills J. Comparison of the Western immunoblot assay and a glycoprotein G enzyme immunoassay for detection of serum antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 2 in patients with AIDS. J Clin Microbiol 1992;30(5):1312-1314.

[27] Siegel D, Golden E, Washington AE: Prevalence and correlates of herpes simplex infections: The population-based AIDS in Multiethnic Neighborhoods Study. JAMA 1992;268 (13):1702-1708.

[28] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Revision of the CDC surveillance case definition for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. MMWR 1987;36(suppl):1s-15s.

[29] Valacyclovir. Med Lett 1996;38:3-4.

[30] Snoeck R, Andrei G, Gérard M. Successful treatment of progressive mucocutaneous infection due to acyclovir- and foscarnet-resistant herpes simplex virus with (S)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl) cytosine (HPMPC). Clin Infect Dis 1994;18:570-578.

[31] Vermund SH, Kelley KF, Klein RS: High risk of human papillomavirus infection and cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions among women with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991;165:392-400.

[32] Johnson J, Burnett AF, Willet GD. High frequency of latent and clinical human papillomavirus cervical infections in immunocompromised HIV-infected women. Obstet Gynecol 1992;79:321-327.

[33] Bongain A, Rampal A, Durant J, Michiels JF, Dellamonica P, Gillet JY. Cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1996;65(2):195-199.

[34] Garzetti GG, Ciavattini A, Butini L, Vecchi A, Montroni M. Cervical dysplasia in HIV-seropositive women: role of human papillomavirus infection and immune status. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1995;40(1): 52-56.

[35] Bornstein J, Rahat MA, Abramovici H. Etiology of cervical cancer: current concepts. Obstet Gynecol Surv 1995;50(2): 46-154.

[36] Agarossi A, Muggiasca ML, Ravasi L. HIV infection and CIN. Eighth International Conference on AIDS. Amsterdam, 1992. Abstract P??3045.

[37] Maiman M, Fruchter RG, Serur E. Recurrent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in human immunodeficiency virusseropositive women. Obstet Gynecol 1993;82:170-174.

[38] Fruchter RG, Maiman M, Sedlis A, Bartley L, Camilien L, Arrastia CD. Multiple recurrences of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women with the human immunodeficiency virus. Obstet Gynecol 1996;87(3):338-344.

[39] Maiman M. Cervical neoplasia in women with HIV infection. Oncology 1994;8:83-89.

[40] Castro KG, Ward JW, Slutsker L. 1993 revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults. MMWR 1992;41:RR-17.

[41] Macasaet MA, Duerr A, Thelmo W, Vernon SD, Unger ER. Kaposi sarcoma presenting as a vulvar mass. Obstet Gynecol 1995;86(4 Pt 2): 695-697

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