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Biological risk is the one with the highest incidence in dental practice due to direct contact with microorganisms. Cleaning and disinfection are essential to prevent cross-infection from diseases such as influenza, whooping cough, RSV, chickenpox-shingles and conjunctivitis. Methodology: A bibliographic review was carried out on the Scielo, Dialnet, ResearcheGate and Elsevier platforms on the active ingredients of cleaning and disinfection products in the period 2014-2024. After the selection, the full texts were read, selecting the relevant topics. according to the established selection criteria. Results: The most prevalent microorganisms on surfaces are: staphylococcus such as Staphylococcus epidermididis or Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas, Enterococcus, Moraxella and coliforms. Fungi such as Pinicillium, Curvalaria, Geotrichum, Aspergillus, Haplosporangium, Cladodporium. In Dental offices, the most used elements for the process of reducing microorganisms on the surface are acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide; sodium hypochlorite, ethyl and isopropyl alcohols; modified quaternary ammonium, phenols and ultraviolet radiation. Their effectiveness depends on the risk level of the surface, the action spectrum of the product, the concentration, the exposure time and the type of surface material. Conclusions: The implementation of cleaning and disinfection protocols reduces infections associated with health care and the economic impact on dental clinics.
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