Propuesta de Implementación de Simulación 4D en el Planeamiento de Proyectos de Infraestructura en Panamá, 2025

Isaac Abdiel  Salazar Moreno

doi:10.48204/reicit.v5n2.8030

Submitted August 29, 2025

Published 2026-01-19

Artículos

Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): REICIT

Proposal for the Implementation of 4D Simulation in Infrastructure Project planning in Panama, 2025

Isaac Abdiel Salazar Moreno⁺⁻

DOI https://doi.org/10.48204/reicit.v5n2.8030

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DOI: 10.48204/reicit.v5n2.8030

Published: 2026-01-19

How to Cite

Salazar Moreno, I. A. (2026) “Proposal for the Implementation of 4D Simulation in Infrastructure Project planning in Panama, 2025”, REICIT, 5(2), pp. 24–32. doi: 10.48204/reicit.v5n2.8030.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Abstract

The incorporation of Building Information Modeling (BIM) methodology in its 4D dimension, which integrates three-dimensional models with construction scheduling, represents an opportunity to optimize infrastructure project planning in Panama. This article presents a theoretical-practical analysis of the application of 4D simulation, combining a literature review and methodological proposals adapted to the local context. Benefits such as reduced conflicts on site, optimized resources, and improved communication between stakeholders are identified, as well as challenges associated with standardization, training, and initial costs. A progressive implementation flowchart is proposed for civil works, integrating BIM quality control and artificial intelligence for automatic rescheduling. The results indicate that 4D simulation can improve efficiency by 15-25% and serve as a strategic tool for decision-making in complex projects.

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References

Bang, S., & Olsson, N. (2022). Artificial intelligence in construction projects: A systematic
scoping review. Journal of Engineering, Project, and Production Management, 12(3),
–238. https://doi.org/10.32738/JEPPM-2022-0021
BIM. Buildings, 12, 1145. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12081145
Farnood Ahmadi, P., & Arashpour, M. (2020). An analysis of 4D?BIM construction
planning. ISARC 2020. https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC2020/0025
Boton, C., Kubicki, S., & Halin, G. (2015). 4D/BIM simulation for scheduling: Qualitative
comparison between immersive and non-immersive interaction modes. Visualization in
Engineering, 3(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40327-015-0021-4
Calo Ortiz, D. P. (2025). Desarrollo y aplicación de la metodología BIM para la planificación
y ejecución de un proyecto inmobiliario en Quito. Escuela Politécnica Nacional.
Contraloría General de la Nación, Dirección Nacional de Asesoría Económica y Financiera.
(2024, julio). Informe económico de coyuntura — primer trimestre de 2024 [PDF].
Observatorio Económico.
https://www.contraloria.gob.pa/observatorio-economico/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Informe-Economico-de-Coyuntura-I-Trmestre-2024.pdf
Dawood, N., & Sikka, S. (2008). Development of 4D-based performance indicators in
construction industry. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management,
(2), 131–144. https://doi.org/10.1108/09699980810852682
DGNTI. (2022). DGNTI?ISO 19650?4:2022. Dirección General de Normas y Tecnología
Industrial.
Doukari, O., Seck, B., & Greenwood, D. (2022). The creation of construction schedules in 4D
Eastman, C., Teicholz, P., Sacks, R., & Liston, K. (2008). BIM handbook: A guide to building
information modeling for owners, managers, designers, engineers, and contractors.
John Wiley & Sons.
Ganah, A., & John, G. A. (2015). Integrating building information modeling and health and
safety for onsite construction. Safety and Health at Work, 6(1), 39–45.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2014.10.002
García Borja, J. J., Pérez Mañogil, J. M., & Díaz Noguera, G. (2018). Visualización de datos
para el aseguramiento de la calidad BIM. Spanish Journal of BIM, 18(1), 4–8.
Giménez, Z., Gutiérrez, R., & Hernández, G. (2016). Implementación de construcción virtual
para mejorar la planificación. Revista Gaceta Técnica, 16(1), 83–98
Graphisoft. (2013). Open BIM. http://www.graphisoft.com/archicad/open_bim/about_bim/
Guo, H., Yu, Y., & Skitmore, M. (2017). Visualization technology-based construction safety
management: A review. Automation in Construction, 73, 135–144.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2016.10.004
Hardin, B. (2009). BIM and construction management: Proven tools, methods, and workflows.
Wiley Publishing.
Hartmann, T., Gao, J., & Fischer, M. (2008). Areas of application for 3D and 4D models on
construction projects. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 134(10),
–785. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2008)134:10(776)
Jernigan, F. (2008). BIG BIM, little bim. 4Site Press.
Kymmell, W. (2008). Building information modeling: Planning and managing construction
projects with 4D CAD and simulations. McGraw-Hill.
Loyola Vergara, M., & Urrutia Beiza, R. (2012). Desafíos y propuestas para la implementación
de Building Information Modeling en Chile. SIGraDi 2012, 617–621.
Mahalingam, A., Kashyap, R., & Mahajan, C. (2010). An evaluation of the applicability of 4D
CAD on construction projects. Automation in Construction, 19(2), 148–159.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2009.11.015
McGraw-Hill Construction. (2009). BIM adoption: By U.S. state & Canadian province.
http://www.bim.construction.com/research/pdfs/2009_BIM_Adoption_by_US_State_and_Canadian_Province.pdf
McGraw-Hill Construction. (2012). Building Information Modeling (BIM): Transforming
design and construction to achieve greater industry productivity.
Ministerio de Comercio e Industrias. (2025, 26 de junio). Resolución nº?— (DGNTI adopta la
norma técnica DGNTI ISO UNE EN 19650?2:2018 – Organización y digitalización de
la información en obras de edificación e ingeniería civil que utilizan BIM; gestión de
la información – parte 2: fase de desarrollo de los activos). Gaceta Oficial Digital,
No.?30309. R https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/pdfTemp/30309/GacetaNo_30309_20250626.pdf
Sacks, R., Eastman, C. M., Lee, G., & Teicholz, P. (2018). BIM Handbook: A Guide to
Building Information Modeling for Owners, Designers, Engineers, Contractors, and
Facility Managers (3rd ed.). Wiley.
Smith, D., & Tardif, M. (2009). Building information modeling: A strategic implementation
guide for engineers, constructors, and real estate asset managers. John Wiley & Sons.
Vandezande, J., Read, P., & Krygiel, E. (2013). Revit Architecture 2013. Sybex.
Akinade, O. O., Oyedele, L. O., Ajayi, S. O., Bilal, M., Alaka, H. A., Owolabi, H. A.,
& Arawomo, O. O. (2017). Designing out construction waste using BIM technology:
Stakeholders’ expectations for industry deployment. Journal of Cleaner Production,
, 375–385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.01.022
Vilchez Condori, L. M. (2024). Modelación, coordinación y planificación utilizando LPS y
BIM. PUCP.
Zhang, J., & Hu, Z. (2011). BIM- and 4D-based integrated solution of analysis and
management for conflicts and structural safety problems during construction: 2.
Development and site trials. Automation in Construction, 20(2), 167–180.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2010.09.013

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Content Top

[1] Bang, S., & Olsson, N. (2022). Artificial intelligence in construction projects: A systematic

[2] scoping review. Journal of Engineering, Project, and Production Management, 12(3),

[3] –238. https://doi.org/10.32738/JEPPM-2022-0021

[4] BIM. Buildings, 12, 1145. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12081145

[5] Farnood Ahmadi, P., & Arashpour, M. (2020). An analysis of 4D?BIM construction

[6] planning. ISARC 2020. https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC2020/0025

[7] Boton, C., Kubicki, S., & Halin, G. (2015). 4D/BIM simulation for scheduling: Qualitative

[8] comparison between immersive and non-immersive interaction modes. Visualization in

[9] Engineering, 3(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40327-015-0021-4

[10] Calo Ortiz, D. P. (2025). Desarrollo y aplicación de la metodología BIM para la planificación

[11] y ejecución de un proyecto inmobiliario en Quito. Escuela Politécnica Nacional.

[12] Contraloría General de la Nación, Dirección Nacional de Asesoría Económica y Financiera.

[13] (2024, julio). Informe económico de coyuntura — primer trimestre de 2024 [PDF].

[14] Observatorio Económico.

[15] https://www.contraloria.gob.pa/observatorio-economico/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Informe-Economico-de-Coyuntura-I-Trmestre-2024.pdf

[16] Dawood, N., & Sikka, S. (2008). Development of 4D-based performance indicators in

[17] construction industry. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management,

[18] (2), 131–144. https://doi.org/10.1108/09699980810852682

[19] DGNTI. (2022). DGNTI?ISO 19650?4:2022. Dirección General de Normas y Tecnología

[20] Industrial.

[21] Doukari, O., Seck, B., & Greenwood, D. (2022). The creation of construction schedules in 4D

[22] Eastman, C., Teicholz, P., Sacks, R., & Liston, K. (2008). BIM handbook: A guide to building

[23] information modeling for owners, managers, designers, engineers, and contractors.

[24] John Wiley & Sons.

[25] Ganah, A., & John, G. A. (2015). Integrating building information modeling and health and

[26] safety for onsite construction. Safety and Health at Work, 6(1), 39–45.

[27] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2014.10.002

[28] García Borja, J. J., Pérez Mañogil, J. M., & Díaz Noguera, G. (2018). Visualización de datos

[29] para el aseguramiento de la calidad BIM. Spanish Journal of BIM, 18(1), 4–8.

[30] Giménez, Z., Gutiérrez, R., & Hernández, G. (2016). Implementación de construcción virtual

[31] para mejorar la planificación. Revista Gaceta Técnica, 16(1), 83–98

[32] Graphisoft. (2013). Open BIM. http://www.graphisoft.com/archicad/open_bim/about_bim/

[33] Guo, H., Yu, Y., & Skitmore, M. (2017). Visualization technology-based construction safety

[34] management: A review. Automation in Construction, 73, 135–144.

[35] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2016.10.004

[36] Hardin, B. (2009). BIM and construction management: Proven tools, methods, and workflows.

[37] Wiley Publishing.

[38] Hartmann, T., Gao, J., & Fischer, M. (2008). Areas of application for 3D and 4D models on

[39] construction projects. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 134(10),

[40] –785. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2008)134:10(776)

[41] Jernigan, F. (2008). BIG BIM, little bim. 4Site Press.

[42] Kymmell, W. (2008). Building information modeling: Planning and managing construction

[43] projects with 4D CAD and simulations. McGraw-Hill.

[44] Loyola Vergara, M., & Urrutia Beiza, R. (2012). Desafíos y propuestas para la implementación

[45] de Building Information Modeling en Chile. SIGraDi 2012, 617–621.

[46] Mahalingam, A., Kashyap, R., & Mahajan, C. (2010). An evaluation of the applicability of 4D

[47] CAD on construction projects. Automation in Construction, 19(2), 148–159.

[48] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2009.11.015

[49] McGraw-Hill Construction. (2009). BIM adoption: By U.S. state & Canadian province.

[50] http://www.bim.construction.com/research/pdfs/2009_BIM_Adoption_by_US_State_and_Canadian_Province.pdf

[51] McGraw-Hill Construction. (2012). Building Information Modeling (BIM): Transforming

[52] design and construction to achieve greater industry productivity.

[53] Ministerio de Comercio e Industrias. (2025, 26 de junio). Resolución nº?— (DGNTI adopta la

[54] norma técnica DGNTI ISO UNE EN 19650?2:2018 – Organización y digitalización de

[55] la información en obras de edificación e ingeniería civil que utilizan BIM; gestión de

[56] la información – parte 2: fase de desarrollo de los activos). Gaceta Oficial Digital,

[57] No.?30309. R https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/pdfTemp/30309/GacetaNo_30309_20250626.pdf

[58] Sacks, R., Eastman, C. M., Lee, G., & Teicholz, P. (2018). BIM Handbook: A Guide to

[59] Building Information Modeling for Owners, Designers, Engineers, Contractors, and

[60] Facility Managers (3rd ed.). Wiley.

[61] Smith, D., & Tardif, M. (2009). Building information modeling: A strategic implementation

[62] guide for engineers, constructors, and real estate asset managers. John Wiley & Sons.

[63] Vandezande, J., Read, P., & Krygiel, E. (2013). Revit Architecture 2013. Sybex.

[64] Akinade, O. O., Oyedele, L. O., Ajayi, S. O., Bilal, M., Alaka, H. A., Owolabi, H. A.,

[65] & Arawomo, O. O. (2017). Designing out construction waste using BIM technology:

[66] Stakeholders’ expectations for industry deployment. Journal of Cleaner Production,

[67] , 375–385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.01.022

[68] Vilchez Condori, L. M. (2024). Modelación, coordinación y planificación utilizando LPS y

[69] BIM. PUCP.

[70] Zhang, J., & Hu, Z. (2011). BIM- and 4D-based integrated solution of analysis and

[71] management for conflicts and structural safety problems during construction: 2.

[72] Development and site trials. Automation in Construction, 20(2), 167–180.

[73] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2010.09.013

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