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Ancient skepticism can be defined as the philosophical stance that begins with the impossibility of knowledge. As a consequence of this incomprehensibility of truth, judgment is suspended (epoché) for a practical moral purpose: the imperturbability of the soul (ataraxia). There is some inconsistency among historians of philosophy regarding the founder of classical skepticism; however, Pyrrho is generally credited with this distinction. This paper will examine the literary sources that link the medical schools of Alexandria to skepticism, its decline during the medieval period, and its recovery and reception in Renaissance humanism. We will discuss two important figures in Spanish Renaissance and Enlightenment medicine: Francisco Sánchez and Martín Martínez. Finally, we will determine which current approach to mainstream medicine incorporates classical philosophical skepticism: Evidence-Based Medicine or Narrative-Based Medicine.
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