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The Foucauldian approach to epistemology represents a fundamental departure from absolute truth and classical structuralism, emphasizing instead the contingent and discursive construction of knowledge. This method rejects the notion of phenomena as subordinate to fixed, universal structures, proposing instead a genealogical analysis that uncovers how discourses, practices and power relations sustain sociocultural accepted “regimes of truth”. Inspired by Nietzschean philosophy, Foucauldian genealogy functions as an “archaeology of the present,” meticulously deconstructing dominant narratives to reveal the historical mechanisms that legitimize specific forms of knowledge while marginalizing others. Central to this methodology is the concept of the dispositif (apparatus), a heterogeneous network of institutional, physical, and discursive elements that form a grid of intelligibility for power relations. Within this framework, power is not merely a repressive tool but an omnipresent, creative force that constitutes the subject and regulates the limits of what can be thought or expressed. By shifting the focus from the discovery of an “objective” reality to the production of truths, the Foucauldian method encourages a break from the Cartesian unitary subject and highlights the fluidity of meaning across different contexts. Ultimately, this genealogical project serves as a practical tool for an “ontology of the present,” challenging uncritically accepted truths and opening space for the “undefined work of freedom”. By scrutinizing the historical crossroads where discourses converge and diverge, the researcher can move beyond the reproduction of established knowledge to explore new, avant-garde possibilities for creating and promoting thought.
Este obra está bajo una licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional.
