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The meaning of ruin is configured as an indeterminate legal concept that implies a de facto state of degradation or structural decay of a property, which prevents it from fulfilling its destiny and purpose. To describe the concept as an element of the ten-year obligation, based on what is stipulated in the Panamanian Civil Code and particularly in article 1343, a non-experimental, applied and descriptive study was carried out, of qualitative nature and inductive inference, with a temporal delimitation of 18 years. The results are presented based on the classification of the term object of study, depending on whether it is a total or partial ruin, current or future, and physical or functional. This will allow the understanding of the ten-year obligation according to its nature of responsibility, principal or owner of the work, successive purchasers, contractors, architects and other responsible parties, since from these arguments the scope of the ten-year liability can be established.
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