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The digital revolution constitutes a historical turning point that has radically transformed the media and, concomitantly, is reshaping humanity's cognitive, social, and cultural processes. This article aims to analyze the bidirectional influence of this revolution: on the one hand, to examine the structural transformations in the media ecosystem; on the other hand, to explore its impact on social cognition, particularly on attentional fragmentation, the construction of performative identities, and the reconfiguration of collective memories. The methodology employed consisted of a systematic review of scientific literature, covering academic publications indexed in databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar during the period 2010-2024. Studies were selected from diverse disciplines —communication, cognitive psychology, digital sociology, and cultural studies— that address both the technological foundations and the psychosocial consequences of digitalization. The analysis was structured around four thematic axes: media transformations, cognitive impact, structural risks, and emerging opportunities. On one hand, significant risks emerge: organized disinformation erodes institutional trust; digital divides reproduce pre-existing inequalities; overexposure generates pathologies such as anxiety, FOMO, and attentional fragmentation. On the other hand, historic opportunities are evident: unprecedented democratization of knowledge, educational innovation based on personalized and collaborative learning, and the expansion of a participatory culture that unleashes collective creativity. The future of the digital society will depend on the ability to enhance these opportunities while mitigating the risks, building a technological ecosystem at the service of the common good.
Este obra está bajo una licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional.
