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This article examines the ideological and political foundations of North American expansionism and its projection onto Latin American countries, with a primary focus on the Isthmus of Panama. Based on a historical-interpretive analysis of Chapter I of Professor Luis I. Fitzgerald's book, *History of Relations between Panama and the United States*, the doctrines that legitimized the territorial, economic, and geopolitical expansion of the United States since the 19th century are identified. The study argues that these doctrines not only justified military and economic interventions but also established structurally unequal relationships with Latin American countries. In the case of Panama, these policies resulted in a sustained loss of sovereignty and the consolidation of a dependent model that persisted until the end of the 20th century. The article concludes that U.S. expansionism should be understood as a systematic strategy of hemispheric domination, whose repercussions continue to influence contemporary inter-American relations.
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