La calidad del software como factor estratégico de innovación tecnológica en la economía digital y las perspectivas financieras en panamá

Ricardo Manuel Candanedo Yau

doi:10.48204/J.cc.n2.a9112

Submitted December 30, 2025

Published 2026-07-29

Artículos

Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): Cuadernos de Coyuntura

Software quality as a strategic factor in technological innovation in the digital economy and financial prospects in Panama

Ricardo Manuel Candanedo Yau⁺⁻

DOI https://doi.org/10.48204/J.cc.n2.a9112

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DOI: 10.48204/J.cc.n2.a9112

Published: 2026-07-29

How to Cite

Candanedo Yau, R. M. (2026). Software quality as a strategic factor in technological innovation in the digital economy and financial prospects in Panama. Cuadernos De Coyuntura, 4(2), 8–39. https://doi.org/10.48204/J.cc.n2.a9112

Abstract

Panama’s digital economy has become a strategic driver of economic, financial, and technological development, fostered by the increasing use of software in areas such as electronic commerce, financial digitalization, platform-based economies, and public sector modernization. In this context, software quality emerges as a key factor for technological innovation, directly influencing operational efficiency, information security, regulatory compliance, and financial sustainability. This research article analyzes software quality as a strategic element within Panama’s digital economy, considering its impact on the digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises, the expansion of FinTech solutions, and the strengthening of digital governance. Using a qualitative analytical-descriptive approach, the study examines the main categories of software adopted in the country, as well as growth prospects associated with expanded connectivity, fiscal automation, and digital skills development. The findings reveal that while Panama presents significant opportunities to consolidate its digital economy, important challenges remain related to regulatory adaptation, cybersecurity, connectivity gaps, and digital training. The article concludes that software quality is a fundamental driver of secure, inclusive, and sustainable technological innovation, contributing to business competitiveness and improved financial perspectives in Panama’s digital environment.

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References

Atoum, I., & Bong, C. H. (2015). Measuring software quality in use: State-of-the-art and research challenges. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/1503.06934
Bonilla Alcedo, S. E., Vega, D. D., Quintero Cárdenas, N. R., & Godoy-Troya, J. R. (2024). Transformación digital en la gestión contable financiera y su impacto en la toma de decisiones en empresas comerciales de Panamá. Revista Científica Orbis Cógnita, 8(2), 90–107. https://doi.org/10.48204/j.orbis.v8n2.a5472
Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2014). The second machine age: Work, progress, and prosperity in a time of brilliant technologies. W. W. Norton & Company. https://wwnorton.com/books/the-second-machine-age
Calderon-Monge, E., & Ribeiro-Soriano, D. (2023). The role of digitalization in business and management: A systematic literature review. Review of Managerial Science, 18(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-023-00647-8
Chavarry Galvez, D. P., & Revinova, S. (2025). Assessing digital technology development in Latin American countries: Challenges, drivers, and future directions. Digital, 5(2), 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/digital5020020
Chen, C., Zhang, L., Li, Y., Liao, T., Zhao, S., Zheng, Z., Huang, H., & Wu, J. (2022). When digital economy meets Web3.0: Applications and challenges. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.08993
Dalla Palma, S., & Di Nucci, D. (2020). Toward a catalog of software quality metrics for infrastructure code. Journal of Systems and Software, 169, 110078. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2020.110078
De la Cruz, E. G. (2025). Transformación digital en las comunicaciones del sector público panameño: Rol de redes sociales y tecnología. Synergía, 4(2), 633–652. https://doi.org/10.48204/synergia.v4n2.8575
Díaz-Arancibia, J., Hochstetter-Diez, J., Bustamante-Mora, A., Sepúlveda-Cuevas, S., Albayay, I., & Arango-López, J. (2024). Navigating digital transformation and technology adoption: A literature review from small and medium-sized enterprises in developing countries. Sustainability, 16(14), 5946. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16145946
Durigan Jr., C. A., Kissimoto, K. O., & Laurindo, F. J. B. (2024). IT enabling factors in a new industry design: Open Banking and Digital Economy. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.09487
International Monetary Fund. (2023). The rise and impact of FinTech in Latin America. IMF Working Papers, 2023(003). https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/063/2023/003/article-A001-en.xml
Jaramillo de Montano, D. B. (2025). Fintech en Panamá: Un ecosistema en auge. D´Economía, 6, 7–28. https://doi.org/10.48204/2710-7744.9045
Kokol, P. (2022). Software quality: How much does it matter? Electronics, 11(16), 2485. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11162485
Marino-Romero, J. A., & Folgado-Fernández, J. A. (2024). Digital transformation: A literature review in the context of international economies and finance. South African Journal of Business Management, 55(1), a4370. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v55i1.4370
Molnar, A. J., & Motogna, S. (2020). Longitudinal evaluation of open-source software maintainability. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.00447
Nguyen-Duc, A. (2017). The impact of software complexity on cost and quality. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.00675
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Tahir, A., & MacDonell, S. G. (2021). Dynamic metrics and software quality: A systematic mapping study. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.03669
Trade.gov. (2024). Panama: Digital economy country commercial guide. International Trade Administration. https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/panama-digital-economy
United Nations. (2022). E-government development index 2022. UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs. https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Reports/UN-E-Government-Survey-2022
Velásquez, A. del C., & Baquerizo Ortiz, M. I. (2025). Innovación y transformación digital en la gestión del talento humano: Desafíos y oportunidades. CPA Panamá, 3(2), 126–140. https://doi.org/10.48204/2953-3147.7831
Wollmann, B., Lincke, R., & Happe, L. (2019). Applying software analytics to manage quality. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.11007
World Bank. (2022). Digital adoption and development in Latin America. World Bank Group. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/digitaldevelopment
World Bank. (2023). Internautas (por cada 100 personas) - Panama. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.P2?locations=PA
Zicari, R. V. (2021). Big data and data science: A critical introduction. Communications of the ACM, 64(1), 54–61. https://doi.org/10.1145/3431460

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[1] Atoum, I., & Bong, C. H. (2015). Measuring software quality in use: State-of-the-art and research challenges. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/1503.06934

[2] Bonilla Alcedo, S. E., Vega, D. D., Quintero Cárdenas, N. R., & Godoy-Troya, J. R. (2024). Transformación digital en la gestión contable financiera y su impacto en la toma de decisiones en empresas comerciales de Panamá. Revista Científica Orbis Cógnita, 8(2), 90–107. https://doi.org/10.48204/j.orbis.v8n2.a5472

[3] Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2014). The second machine age: Work, progress, and prosperity in a time of brilliant technologies. W. W. Norton & Company. https://wwnorton.com/books/the-second-machine-age

[4] Calderon-Monge, E., & Ribeiro-Soriano, D. (2023). The role of digitalization in business and management: A systematic literature review. Review of Managerial Science, 18(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-023-00647-8

[5] Chavarry Galvez, D. P., & Revinova, S. (2025). Assessing digital technology development in Latin American countries: Challenges, drivers, and future directions. Digital, 5(2), 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/digital5020020

[6] Chen, C., Zhang, L., Li, Y., Liao, T., Zhao, S., Zheng, Z., Huang, H., & Wu, J. (2022). When digital economy meets Web3.0: Applications and challenges. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.08993

[7] Dalla Palma, S., & Di Nucci, D. (2020). Toward a catalog of software quality metrics for infrastructure code. Journal of Systems and Software, 169, 110078. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2020.110078

[8] De la Cruz, E. G. (2025). Transformación digital en las comunicaciones del sector público panameño: Rol de redes sociales y tecnología. Synergía, 4(2), 633–652. https://doi.org/10.48204/synergia.v4n2.8575

[9] Díaz-Arancibia, J., Hochstetter-Diez, J., Bustamante-Mora, A., Sepúlveda-Cuevas, S., Albayay, I., & Arango-López, J. (2024). Navigating digital transformation and technology adoption: A literature review from small and medium-sized enterprises in developing countries. Sustainability, 16(14), 5946. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16145946

[10] Durigan Jr., C. A., Kissimoto, K. O., & Laurindo, F. J. B. (2024). IT enabling factors in a new industry design: Open Banking and Digital Economy. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.09487

[11] International Monetary Fund. (2023). The rise and impact of FinTech in Latin America. IMF Working Papers, 2023(003). https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/063/2023/003/article-A001-en.xml

[12] Jaramillo de Montano, D. B. (2025). Fintech en Panamá: Un ecosistema en auge. D´Economía, 6, 7–28. https://doi.org/10.48204/2710-7744.9045

[13] Kokol, P. (2022). Software quality: How much does it matter? Electronics, 11(16), 2485. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11162485

[14] Marino-Romero, J. A., & Folgado-Fernández, J. A. (2024). Digital transformation: A literature review in the context of international economies and finance. South African Journal of Business Management, 55(1), a4370. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v55i1.4370

[15] Molnar, A. J., & Motogna, S. (2020). Longitudinal evaluation of open-source software maintainability. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.00447

[16] Nguyen-Duc, A. (2017). The impact of software complexity on cost and quality. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.00675

[17] OECD. (2019). Digital Government Review of Panama: Enhancing the digital transformation of the public sector. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/615a4180-en

[18] OECD/IDB. (2023). Digital government index of Latin America and the Caribbean. OECD. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/digital-government-index-latin-america-and-the-caribbean_379be25b-en.html

[19] Perez, C. (2004). Technological revolutions and financial capital: The dynamics of bubbles and golden ages. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781843765318

[20] Ramdani, B., Sabi, H. M., Ghazali, M., & Al-Hamadi, A. (2024). Digital innovation in entrepreneurial firms: A systematic literature review. Review of Managerial Science, 18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-023-00638-9

[21] Tahir, A., & MacDonell, S. G. (2021). Dynamic metrics and software quality: A systematic mapping study. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.03669

[22] Trade.gov. (2024). Panama: Digital economy country commercial guide. International Trade Administration. https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/panama-digital-economy

[23] United Nations. (2022). E-government development index 2022. UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs. https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Reports/UN-E-Government-Survey-2022

[24] Velásquez, A. del C., & Baquerizo Ortiz, M. I. (2025). Innovación y transformación digital en la gestión del talento humano: Desafíos y oportunidades. CPA Panamá, 3(2), 126–140. https://doi.org/10.48204/2953-3147.7831

[25] Wollmann, B., Lincke, R., & Happe, L. (2019). Applying software analytics to manage quality. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.11007

[26] World Bank. (2022). Digital adoption and development in Latin America. World Bank Group. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/digitaldevelopment

[27] World Bank. (2023). Internautas (por cada 100 personas) - Panama. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.P2?locations=PA

[28] Zicari, R. V. (2021). Big data and data science: A critical introduction. Communications of the ACM, 64(1), 54–61. https://doi.org/10.1145/3431460

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