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Biodiesel from Jatropha curcas emerged as a promising alternative to fossil fuels in Panama, driven by Law 42 of 2011. However, its adoption has been limited by the lack of incentives and the need to optimize its agronomic management. This study analyzes the advances in the production and management of J. curcas in Panama, contextualizing them with experiences in Latin America. Field trials in Panama highlighted the importance of controlled pruning and fertilization to improve fruit production. Differences between theoretical and field planting densities were identified, highlighting the need to validate them with local data. The extracted oil showed a fatty acid profile suitable for biodiesel, comparable with other countries in the region. The economic viability of the crop depends on cost optimization and economies of scale. Labor is a key component, suggesting exploring the mechanization of harvesting. Panama lacks specific incentives for J. curcas, unlike other countries with support programs. Its consolidation as an alternative for the bioeconomy requires research in genetic improvement, agronomic strategies and incentive policies.