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The freshwater fish community found along the Pan-American Highway rivers from Ipeti to Canglon comprises three watersheds with very few published studies. Aspects such as the distribution, composition, and diversity of the ichthyofauna of a site can be used to determine the degree of conservation of a given area. The objective of this publication is to report the distribution, composition, and diversity of the ichthyofauna collected at the study area above. A Rapid Ecological Assessment (REA) was conducted at 21 stations along the stretch between Ipeti and Canglon in April 1978 using different sampling techniques. A total of 2,086 freshwater fish individuals belonging to 31 species and 12 families were collected, of which 22 are primary and eight are secondary. The families Characidae (8 species and 1048 individuals), Loricariidae (7 species and 29 individuals), Cichlidae (five species and 278 individuals), and Poeciliidae (three species and 679 individuals) were the most representative. The stations with the highest diversity (H: 1.425-1.940) were 1 (Ipeti), 2 (Piriati), 11 (Punuloso), 12 (Meteti), 16 (Sanson), and 20 (Canglon). Of the 31 valid species collected, 11 endemic species (35 %) were identified, which include the sardines Astyanax panamensis, Compsura gorgonae, and Gephyrocharax atracaudatus, Pseudocheirodon arnoldi, the suckermouths Ancistrus chagresi, Leptoancistrus canensis, and Sturisomatichthys citurensis, the cichlids Darienheros calobrensis, Isthmoheros tuyrensis, and Panamius panamensis, and the killifish Neoheterandria tridentiger. This study completes the known distribution, composition, and diversity of the ichthyofauna in the vast majority of the 21 sampled stations, especially those at the Sabanas River.
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