FISIOLOGÍA DEL SÍNDROME DE FRAGILIDAD EN EL ADULTO MAYOR.

Oris Lam de Calvo

Enviado octubre 29, 2024

Publicado 2026-04-06

Artículos de Investigación

Vol. 20 Núm. 1 (2007): Revista Médico Científica

FISIOLOGÍA DEL SÍNDROME DE FRAGILIDAD EN EL ADULTO MAYOR.

Oris Lam de Calvo⁺⁻

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DOI: ND

Publicado: 2026-04-06

Derechos de autor 2024 Revista médico científica

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.

Resumen

La fragilidad es un estado asociado al envejecimiento, que se caracteriza por una disminución de la reserva fisiológica o lo que se ha llamado un estado de pérdida de la homeostasis. Este estado se traduciria en el individuo en un aumento del riesgo de incapacidad, una pérdida de la resistencia y una mayor vulnerabilidad a eventos adversos manifestada por mayor morbilidad y mortalidad. Otros autores lo traducen como una capacidad reducida del organismo para enfrentar el estrés. Las manifestaciones clinicas de la Fragilidad consisten en un ciclo negativo de desnutrición, pérdida de la fuerza, pobre tolerancia al ejercicio y disminución del consumo de energía. Factores internos o externos (como depresión, lesiones físicas, reacciones adversas a medicamentos, etc) pueden iniciar o influenciar esta condiciono De lo anterior, surge la pregunta si el envejecimiento se asocia a fragilidad ¿es lo mismo hablar de fragilidad que de envejecimiento? ¿son todos los adultos mayores frágiles? ¿qué distingue a un adulto mayor frágil de uno que no lo sea? ¿existen marcadores clínicos y bioquímicos de fragilidad? ¿De qué sirve identificar individuos frágiles? Para responder estas preguntas revisaremos el concepto más en detalle y cuáles han sido los últímos avances en este tema

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Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J, et al. Frailty in older adults: Evidence for phenotype. *J Gerontol* 2001;56A(3):146-56.
Rockwood K. Frailty and its definition: a worthy challenge. *J Am Geriatr Soc* 2005;53(6):1069.
Woods N, LaCroix A, Gray S, et al. *J Am Geriatr Soc* 2005;53:1321-1330.
Hazzard W. *Principles of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology.* McGraw Hill, 1999.
Blaum C, Li Xue Q, Michelon E, et al. The association between obesity and the frailty syndrome in older women: the Women’s Health and Aging Studies. *J Am Geriatr Soc* 2005;53:927.
Chaves P, Semba R, Leng S, et al. Impact of anemia and cardiovascular disease on frailty status of community-dwelling older women: The Women’s Health and Aging Studies I and II. *J Gerontol Med Sci* 2005;60A(6):729-735.
Walston J, McBurnie MA. Frailty and activation of the inflammation and coagulation systems with and without clinical comorbidities: Results from the Cardiovascular Health Study. *Arch Intern Med* 2002;162(20):2333-41.
Leng S, Chávez P. Serum interleukin-6 and hemoglobin as physiological correlates in the geriatric syndrome of frailty: A pilot study. *J Am Geriatr Soc* 2002;50(7):1268-71.
Cohen HJ, Harris T, Pieper CF. Coagulation and activation of inflammatory pathways in the development of functional decline and mortality in the elderly. *Am J Med* 2003;114:180-7.
Walston J, Fried LP. Frailty and the old man. *Med Clin North Am* 1999;83(5):1173-94.
Young A, Stokes M, Crowe M. Size and strength of the quadriceps muscle of old and young women. *Eur J Clin Invest* 1984;14:282-87.
Stolberg E, Fawcett P. Macro EMG in healthy subjects of different ages. *J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry* 1982;45:870-78.
Baumgartner RN, Koehler KM, Gallagher D. Epidemiology of sarcopenia among the elderly in New Mexico. *Am J Epidemiol* 1998;147:755-63.
Feldman D, et al. *J Clin Endocrinol Metab* 2002;87(2):589-98.
Monton KG, Staliard E. Changes in health, mortality, disability and their impact on long-term care needs. *J Aging Soc Policy* 1996;7:25-52.
Keller BK, Potter JF. Helping the elderly stay active: A technique for detecting disability in the primary care office. *Nebr Med J* 1994:4-10.
Reuben DB, Ferrucci L, Wallace R, et al. The prognostic value of serum albumin in healthy older persons with low and high serum interleukin-6 levels. *J Am Geriatr Soc* 2000;48:1404-7.
Walston J, McBurnie A, Newman A, Tracy RP, Kop WJ, Hirsch CH. Frailty and activation of the inflammation and coagulation systems with and without clinical comorbidities. *Arch Intern Med* 2002;162(11):2333-41.
Cohen HJ, Harris T, Pieper CF. Coagulation and activation of inflammatory pathways in the development of functional decline and mortality in the elderly. *Am J Med* 2003;114:180-7.
Fisher J. Frailty and its dangerous effects might be preventable. *Ann Intern Med* 2004;141(6):489-92.
Gill T, Baker D, Gottschalk M, et al. A program to prevent functional decline in physically frail, elderly persons who live at home. *N Engl J Med* 2002;347:1068-74.

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[1] Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J, et al. Frailty in older adults: Evidence for phenotype. *J Gerontol* 2001;56A(3):146-56.

[2] Rockwood K. Frailty and its definition: a worthy challenge. *J Am Geriatr Soc* 2005;53(6):1069.

[3] Woods N, LaCroix A, Gray S, et al. *J Am Geriatr Soc* 2005;53:1321-1330.

[4] Hazzard W. *Principles of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology.* McGraw Hill, 1999.

[5] Blaum C, Li Xue Q, Michelon E, et al. The association between obesity and the frailty syndrome in older women: the Women’s Health and Aging Studies. *J Am Geriatr Soc* 2005;53:927.

[6] Chaves P, Semba R, Leng S, et al. Impact of anemia and cardiovascular disease on frailty status of community-dwelling older women: The Women’s Health and Aging Studies I and II. *J Gerontol Med Sci* 2005;60A(6):729-735.

[7] Walston J, McBurnie MA. Frailty and activation of the inflammation and coagulation systems with and without clinical comorbidities: Results from the Cardiovascular Health Study. *Arch Intern Med* 2002;162(20):2333-41.

[8] Leng S, Chávez P. Serum interleukin-6 and hemoglobin as physiological correlates in the geriatric syndrome of frailty: A pilot study. *J Am Geriatr Soc* 2002;50(7):1268-71.

[9] Cohen HJ, Harris T, Pieper CF. Coagulation and activation of inflammatory pathways in the development of functional decline and mortality in the elderly. *Am J Med* 2003;114:180-7.

[10] Walston J, Fried LP. Frailty and the old man. *Med Clin North Am* 1999;83(5):1173-94.

[11] Young A, Stokes M, Crowe M. Size and strength of the quadriceps muscle of old and young women. *Eur J Clin Invest* 1984;14:282-87.

[12] Stolberg E, Fawcett P. Macro EMG in healthy subjects of different ages. *J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry* 1982;45:870-78.

[13] Baumgartner RN, Koehler KM, Gallagher D. Epidemiology of sarcopenia among the elderly in New Mexico. *Am J Epidemiol* 1998;147:755-63.

[14] Feldman D, et al. *J Clin Endocrinol Metab* 2002;87(2):589-98.

[15] Monton KG, Staliard E. Changes in health, mortality, disability and their impact on long-term care needs. *J Aging Soc Policy* 1996;7:25-52.

[16] Keller BK, Potter JF. Helping the elderly stay active: A technique for detecting disability in the primary care office. *Nebr Med J* 1994:4-10.

[17] Reuben DB, Ferrucci L, Wallace R, et al. The prognostic value of serum albumin in healthy older persons with low and high serum interleukin-6 levels. *J Am Geriatr Soc* 2000;48:1404-7.

[18] Walston J, McBurnie A, Newman A, Tracy RP, Kop WJ, Hirsch CH. Frailty and activation of the inflammation and coagulation systems with and without clinical comorbidities. *Arch Intern Med* 2002;162(11):2333-41.

[19] Cohen HJ, Harris T, Pieper CF. Coagulation and activation of inflammatory pathways in the development of functional decline and mortality in the elderly. *Am J Med* 2003;114:180-7.

[20] Fisher J. Frailty and its dangerous effects might be preventable. *Ann Intern Med* 2004;141(6):489-92.

[21] Gill T, Baker D, Gottschalk M, et al. A program to prevent functional decline in physically frail, elderly persons who live at home. *N Engl J Med* 2002;347:1068-74.

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