FISIOLOGÍA DEL SÍNDROME DE FRAGILIDAD EN EL ADULTO MAYOR.

Oris Lam de Calvo

Submitted October 29, 2024

Published 2026-04-06

Artículos de Investigación

Vol. 20 No. 1 (2007): Revista Médico Científica

FRAILTY SYNDROME PHYSIOLOGY IN GERIATRIC PATIENTS

Oris Lam de Calvo⁺⁻

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Published: 2026-04-06

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Abstract

Frailly is a state associated with aging, characterized by a decrease in physio/ogical reserve or what is also known as lossofhomeostasis. This state ofloss can mean an increase in risk ofdisability, loss ofresistance and greater vulnerability, which are manifestations of higher mortality Other authors cal! this condition an organism's reduced capacity of dealing with stress. Clinical manifestations of frailty are a negative cyc/e of chronic malnutrition, loss ofstrength,poortolerance toexerciseand a decrease in consumption of energy Any internal or external factor (such as depression, physical injuries, negative reactions to medication, etc.) may start or influence this condition. Based on the above, the question arises: is aging associated with frailty? Are old age and frailty the same? Are al! senior people frail? What distinguishes a frail senior person from one who isn 't? Are there clinical or biochemical indicators? Of what purpose is it to identify frail people? To answer these questions, we wil! go over the concept in more detail and the latest advancements.

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References

Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J, et al. Frailty in older adults: Evidence for phenotype. *J Gerontol* 2001;56A(3):146-56.
Rockwood K. Frailty and its definition: a worthy challenge. *J Am Geriatr Soc* 2005;53(6):1069.
Woods N, LaCroix A, Gray S, et al. *J Am Geriatr Soc* 2005;53:1321-1330.
Hazzard W. *Principles of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology.* McGraw Hill, 1999.
Blaum C, Li Xue Q, Michelon E, et al. The association between obesity and the frailty syndrome in older women: the Women’s Health and Aging Studies. *J Am Geriatr Soc* 2005;53:927.
Chaves P, Semba R, Leng S, et al. Impact of anemia and cardiovascular disease on frailty status of community-dwelling older women: The Women’s Health and Aging Studies I and II. *J Gerontol Med Sci* 2005;60A(6):729-735.
Walston J, McBurnie MA. Frailty and activation of the inflammation and coagulation systems with and without clinical comorbidities: Results from the Cardiovascular Health Study. *Arch Intern Med* 2002;162(20):2333-41.
Leng S, Chávez P. Serum interleukin-6 and hemoglobin as physiological correlates in the geriatric syndrome of frailty: A pilot study. *J Am Geriatr Soc* 2002;50(7):1268-71.
Cohen HJ, Harris T, Pieper CF. Coagulation and activation of inflammatory pathways in the development of functional decline and mortality in the elderly. *Am J Med* 2003;114:180-7.
Walston J, Fried LP. Frailty and the old man. *Med Clin North Am* 1999;83(5):1173-94.
Young A, Stokes M, Crowe M. Size and strength of the quadriceps muscle of old and young women. *Eur J Clin Invest* 1984;14:282-87.
Stolberg E, Fawcett P. Macro EMG in healthy subjects of different ages. *J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry* 1982;45:870-78.
Baumgartner RN, Koehler KM, Gallagher D. Epidemiology of sarcopenia among the elderly in New Mexico. *Am J Epidemiol* 1998;147:755-63.
Feldman D, et al. *J Clin Endocrinol Metab* 2002;87(2):589-98.
Monton KG, Staliard E. Changes in health, mortality, disability and their impact on long-term care needs. *J Aging Soc Policy* 1996;7:25-52.
Keller BK, Potter JF. Helping the elderly stay active: A technique for detecting disability in the primary care office. *Nebr Med J* 1994:4-10.
Reuben DB, Ferrucci L, Wallace R, et al. The prognostic value of serum albumin in healthy older persons with low and high serum interleukin-6 levels. *J Am Geriatr Soc* 2000;48:1404-7.
Walston J, McBurnie A, Newman A, Tracy RP, Kop WJ, Hirsch CH. Frailty and activation of the inflammation and coagulation systems with and without clinical comorbidities. *Arch Intern Med* 2002;162(11):2333-41.
Cohen HJ, Harris T, Pieper CF. Coagulation and activation of inflammatory pathways in the development of functional decline and mortality in the elderly. *Am J Med* 2003;114:180-7.
Fisher J. Frailty and its dangerous effects might be preventable. *Ann Intern Med* 2004;141(6):489-92.
Gill T, Baker D, Gottschalk M, et al. A program to prevent functional decline in physically frail, elderly persons who live at home. *N Engl J Med* 2002;347:1068-74.

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[1] Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J, et al. Frailty in older adults: Evidence for phenotype. *J Gerontol* 2001;56A(3):146-56.

[2] Rockwood K. Frailty and its definition: a worthy challenge. *J Am Geriatr Soc* 2005;53(6):1069.

[3] Woods N, LaCroix A, Gray S, et al. *J Am Geriatr Soc* 2005;53:1321-1330.

[4] Hazzard W. *Principles of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology.* McGraw Hill, 1999.

[5] Blaum C, Li Xue Q, Michelon E, et al. The association between obesity and the frailty syndrome in older women: the Women’s Health and Aging Studies. *J Am Geriatr Soc* 2005;53:927.

[6] Chaves P, Semba R, Leng S, et al. Impact of anemia and cardiovascular disease on frailty status of community-dwelling older women: The Women’s Health and Aging Studies I and II. *J Gerontol Med Sci* 2005;60A(6):729-735.

[7] Walston J, McBurnie MA. Frailty and activation of the inflammation and coagulation systems with and without clinical comorbidities: Results from the Cardiovascular Health Study. *Arch Intern Med* 2002;162(20):2333-41.

[8] Leng S, Chávez P. Serum interleukin-6 and hemoglobin as physiological correlates in the geriatric syndrome of frailty: A pilot study. *J Am Geriatr Soc* 2002;50(7):1268-71.

[9] Cohen HJ, Harris T, Pieper CF. Coagulation and activation of inflammatory pathways in the development of functional decline and mortality in the elderly. *Am J Med* 2003;114:180-7.

[10] Walston J, Fried LP. Frailty and the old man. *Med Clin North Am* 1999;83(5):1173-94.

[11] Young A, Stokes M, Crowe M. Size and strength of the quadriceps muscle of old and young women. *Eur J Clin Invest* 1984;14:282-87.

[12] Stolberg E, Fawcett P. Macro EMG in healthy subjects of different ages. *J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry* 1982;45:870-78.

[13] Baumgartner RN, Koehler KM, Gallagher D. Epidemiology of sarcopenia among the elderly in New Mexico. *Am J Epidemiol* 1998;147:755-63.

[14] Feldman D, et al. *J Clin Endocrinol Metab* 2002;87(2):589-98.

[15] Monton KG, Staliard E. Changes in health, mortality, disability and their impact on long-term care needs. *J Aging Soc Policy* 1996;7:25-52.

[16] Keller BK, Potter JF. Helping the elderly stay active: A technique for detecting disability in the primary care office. *Nebr Med J* 1994:4-10.

[17] Reuben DB, Ferrucci L, Wallace R, et al. The prognostic value of serum albumin in healthy older persons with low and high serum interleukin-6 levels. *J Am Geriatr Soc* 2000;48:1404-7.

[18] Walston J, McBurnie A, Newman A, Tracy RP, Kop WJ, Hirsch CH. Frailty and activation of the inflammation and coagulation systems with and without clinical comorbidities. *Arch Intern Med* 2002;162(11):2333-41.

[19] Cohen HJ, Harris T, Pieper CF. Coagulation and activation of inflammatory pathways in the development of functional decline and mortality in the elderly. *Am J Med* 2003;114:180-7.

[20] Fisher J. Frailty and its dangerous effects might be preventable. *Ann Intern Med* 2004;141(6):489-92.

[21] Gill T, Baker D, Gottschalk M, et al. A program to prevent functional decline in physically frail, elderly persons who live at home. *N Engl J Med* 2002;347:1068-74.

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