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Hydatidiform mole (HM) is the most common entity of the gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), which is a heterogeneous group of interrelated lesions that describes a continuum of tumors that arise in the fetal chorion of the placenta. The purpose of our study was to identify risk factors for molar pregnancy and determine the possible force of association between some factors and the development of HM.
We made a retrospective not-matched case control study of 1:1 with 140 cases and 140 controls. The cases were patients from the Clinic of Control of Diseases of the Trophoblast of the Hospital Santo Tomás from April 1994 to March 2001 ; and the controls were chosen by a random process applied to the patients that deliver in the maternity of this same hospital.
As statistically significant risk factors, we found age of menarque ? 12 years OR = 1.74 (95% CI:1.08-2.82), irregular cycles OR =2 .29 (95% CI: 1.19-4.40) and indigenous ethnic group OR=2.28 (95% CI:1.6-3.24) is a relevant finding due to the social, economic, cultural and nutritional characteristics.As a protective factor, oral contraceptives use OR= 0.040 (95%; CI: 0.22-0.69 ). No statistically significant differences were found in maternal age ? 20 years and ; ? 35 years, personal and familiar history of HM, nulliparity, A blood type , early beginning of active sexual life, ? 3 sexual partners.
