INFECCIÓN POR EL VIRUS DE INMUNDEFICIENCIA HUMANA, SÍNDROME ANTIFOSFOLÍPIDO E ISQUEMIA CEREBRAL: ¿EXISTE UNA RELACIÓN?

Ana Belén Araúz; Nuvia Batista

Submitted October 30, 2024

Published 2026-04-06

Artículos de Investigación

Vol. 20 No. 1 (2007): Revista Médico Científica

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION, ANTIPHOSPHOLlPID SYNDROME AND CEREBRAL ISQUEMIA: IS THERE A RELATIONSHIP?

Ana Belén Araúz⁺⁻
Nuvia Batista⁺⁻

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Published: 2026-04-06

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Abstract

This is the case of a 28 years old female patient who came with dysartria and right hemiparesis. Ischemic cerebrovascular disease of the young adult was diagnosed. We rule out less frequent causes of cerebrovascular disease and finally we confirm that she was infected with the human immunodeficiency virus and also presented anticardiolipin antibodies. This association is very controversia/. In the young adult, the incidence of cerebrovascular disease is larger between those HIV positive. Opportunistic infections, secondary antiphospholipid syndrome and the vasculitides generated by the virus itself could be the explanation. There are stil/ pending trials to clarify the mechanism of this association. The HIV patient posses several confusing factors that should be excluded, between them the opportunistic infectios.

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References

Williams LS, Garg BP, Cohen M, Fleck JO, Biller J. Subtypes of ischemic stroke in children and young adults. *Neurology* 1997;49:1541-5.
Klausner HA, Lewandowski C. Infrequent causes of stroke. *Emerg Med Clin N Am* 2002;20:657-670.
Keith WM, Squire JB, Alwan W, Lees KR. Anticardiolipin antibodies in an unselected stroke population. *The Lancet* 1994;344:452-456.
drome. *N Engl J Med* 2002;346:752-63.
Verro P, Levine S, Tietjen G. Cerebrovascular ischemic events with high positive anticardiolipin antibodies. *Stroke* 1998;29:2245-53.
Cole JW, Pinto AN, Hebel R, Buchholz D, Earley C, Johnson C, et al. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and the risk of stroke. *Stroke* 2004;35:51-6.
Patel VB, Sacoor Z, Francis P, Bill PL, Bhigjee AI, Connolly O. Ischemic stroke in young HIV-positive patients in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa. *Neurology* 2005;65:759-61.
Gillams AR, Allen E, Hrieb K, Venna N, Craven O, Carter P. Cerebral infarction in patients with AIDS. *Am J Neuroradiol* 1997;18:1581-5.
Mochan A, Modi M, Modi G. Stroke in Black South African HIV-positive patients: a prospective analysis. *Stroke* 2003;34:10-5.
Gorczyca I, Stanek M, Podlasin B, Furmanek M, Pniewski J. Recurrent cerebral infarcts as the first manifestation of infection with the HIV virus. *Folia Neuropathol* 2005;43:45-9.
Pinto AN. AIDS and cerebrovascular disease. *Stroke* 1996;27:538-43.
Qureshi A, Janssen RS, Karon JM, Weissman JP, Akbar MS, Saldar K, Frankel M. Human immunodeficiency virus infection and stroke in young patients. *Arch Neurol* 1997;54:1150-3.
Connor MO, Lammie GA, Bell JE, Warlow CP, Simmonds P, Brettle RO. Cerebral infarction in adult AIDS patients: observations from the Edinburgh HIV autopsy cohort. *Stroke* 2000;31:2117-26.
Rabinstein AA. Stroke in HIV-infected patients: a clinical perspective. *Cerebrovasc Dis* 2003;15:37-44.
Qureshi AJ, Janssen RS, Karon JM, Weissman JP, Akbar MS, Saldar K, Frankel MR. Human immunodeficiency virus infection. *Arch Neurol* 1997;54:1150-3.
Chetty R. Vasculitides associated with HIV infection. *J Clin Pathol* 2001;54:275-8.
Tipping B, Villiers L, Wainwright H, Candy S, Bryer A. Stroke in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. *J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry* 2007;doi:10.11361/jnnp.2007.116103.
Ortiz G, Koch S, Romano J, Forteza A, Rabinstein A. Mechanisms of ischemic stroke in HIV-infected patients. *Neurology* 2007;68:1257-61.
D’Arminio A, Sabin CA, Phillips AN, et al. Cardio- and cerebrovascular events in HIV-infected persons. *AIDS* 2004;18:1811-7.
Friis-Moller N, Sabin CA, Weber R, et al. Combination antiretroviral therapy and the risk of myocardial infarction. *N Engl J Med* 2003;349:1993-2003.
Berger J. AIDS and stroke risk. *Lancet Neurology* 2004;3:206-207.
Evers S, Nabavi D, Rahmann A, Heese C, Reichelt D, Husstedt IW. Ischaemic cerebrovascular events in HIV infection. *Cerebrovasc Dis* 2003;15:199-205.

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[1] Williams LS, Garg BP, Cohen M, Fleck JO, Biller J. Subtypes of ischemic stroke in children and young adults. *Neurology* 1997;49:1541-5.

[2] Klausner HA, Lewandowski C. Infrequent causes of stroke. *Emerg Med Clin N Am* 2002;20:657-670.

[3] Keith WM, Squire JB, Alwan W, Lees KR. Anticardiolipin antibodies in an unselected stroke population. *The Lancet* 1994;344:452-456.

[4] drome. *N Engl J Med* 2002;346:752-63.

[5] Verro P, Levine S, Tietjen G. Cerebrovascular ischemic events with high positive anticardiolipin antibodies. *Stroke* 1998;29:2245-53.

[6] Cole JW, Pinto AN, Hebel R, Buchholz D, Earley C, Johnson C, et al. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and the risk of stroke. *Stroke* 2004;35:51-6.

[7] Patel VB, Sacoor Z, Francis P, Bill PL, Bhigjee AI, Connolly O. Ischemic stroke in young HIV-positive patients in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa. *Neurology* 2005;65:759-61.

[8] Gillams AR, Allen E, Hrieb K, Venna N, Craven O, Carter P. Cerebral infarction in patients with AIDS. *Am J Neuroradiol* 1997;18:1581-5.

[9] Mochan A, Modi M, Modi G. Stroke in Black South African HIV-positive patients: a prospective analysis. *Stroke* 2003;34:10-5.

[10] Gorczyca I, Stanek M, Podlasin B, Furmanek M, Pniewski J. Recurrent cerebral infarcts as the first manifestation of infection with the HIV virus. *Folia Neuropathol* 2005;43:45-9.

[11] Pinto AN. AIDS and cerebrovascular disease. *Stroke* 1996;27:538-43.

[12] Qureshi A, Janssen RS, Karon JM, Weissman JP, Akbar MS, Saldar K, Frankel M. Human immunodeficiency virus infection and stroke in young patients. *Arch Neurol* 1997;54:1150-3.

[13] Connor MO, Lammie GA, Bell JE, Warlow CP, Simmonds P, Brettle RO. Cerebral infarction in adult AIDS patients: observations from the Edinburgh HIV autopsy cohort. *Stroke* 2000;31:2117-26.

[14] Rabinstein AA. Stroke in HIV-infected patients: a clinical perspective. *Cerebrovasc Dis* 2003;15:37-44.

[15] Qureshi AJ, Janssen RS, Karon JM, Weissman JP, Akbar MS, Saldar K, Frankel MR. Human immunodeficiency virus infection. *Arch Neurol* 1997;54:1150-3.

[16] Chetty R. Vasculitides associated with HIV infection. *J Clin Pathol* 2001;54:275-8.

[17] Tipping B, Villiers L, Wainwright H, Candy S, Bryer A. Stroke in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. *J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry* 2007;doi:10.11361/jnnp.2007.116103.

[18] Ortiz G, Koch S, Romano J, Forteza A, Rabinstein A. Mechanisms of ischemic stroke in HIV-infected patients. *Neurology* 2007;68:1257-61.

[19] D’Arminio A, Sabin CA, Phillips AN, et al. Cardio- and cerebrovascular events in HIV-infected persons. *AIDS* 2004;18:1811-7.

[20] Friis-Moller N, Sabin CA, Weber R, et al. Combination antiretroviral therapy and the risk of myocardial infarction. *N Engl J Med* 2003;349:1993-2003.

[21] Berger J. AIDS and stroke risk. *Lancet Neurology* 2004;3:206-207.

[22] Evers S, Nabavi D, Rahmann A, Heese C, Reichelt D, Husstedt IW. Ischaemic cerebrovascular events in HIV infection. *Cerebrovasc Dis* 2003;15:199-205.

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