EL RETO DE UN BUEN EXAMEN MENTAL EN LA NEUROSÍFILIS: REPORTE DE UN CASO

Patricia Quintero-Cusgüen; Ángela María Gutiérrez-Álvarez

Submitted October 30, 2024

Published 2026-04-06

Artículos de Investigación

Vol. 22 No. 1 (2009): Revista Médico Científica

THE CHALLENGE OF A NEAT MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION IN NEUROSYPHILIS: A CASE REPORT

Patricia Quintero-Cusgüen⁺⁻
Ángela María Gutiérrez-Álvarez⁺⁻

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Published: 2026-04-06

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Abstract

Cognitive deterioration and behavior disturbances are some of the manifestations of late syphilis. This report describes a case of a male patient with rapid deterioration in his cognitive status, behavior disorders, short term memory loss, and hallucinations. Minimental state test was 13/30. An extensive laboratory and neuroimaging evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of neurosyphilis. He received intravenous penicillin and had a positive response in his behavior disturbances. Neurosyphilis should be part of the differential diagnosis of any patient showing cognitive deterioration and behavior disturbances.

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References

Johns DR, Tierney M, Felsenstein D. Alteration in the natural history of neurosyphilis by concurrent infection with the human immunodeficiency virus. N Engl J Med 1987;316:1567-1572.
Timmermans M, Carr J. Neurosyphilis in the modern era. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004;75:1727-1730.
http://www.neuropsicol.org/Protocol/mmse30.pdf
Vargas AP, Carod-Artal FJ, Del Negro MC, Rodrigues MP. Dementia caused by neurosyphilis: clinical and neuropsychological follow-up of a patient. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2000;58:578-582.
Sentíes-Madrid H, Estañol-Vidal B. Demencias reversibles y demencias tratables. Rev Neurol 2006;43:101-112.
Schiff E, Lindberg M. Neurosyphilis. South Med J 2002;95:1083-1087.
Ropper AH. A rational approach to dementia. CMA Journal 1979;3:1175-1190.
Lair L, Naidech AM. Modern neuropsychiatric presentation of neurosyphilis. Neurology 2004;63:1331-1333.
Lukehart SA, Hook EW, Baker-Zander SA, Collier AC, Critchlow CW, Handsfield HH. Invasion of the central nervous system by Treponema pallidum: implications for diagnosis and treatment. Ann Intern Med 1988;109:855-862.
Gaudio PA. Update on ocular syphilis. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2006;17:562-566.
Smith GT, Goldmeier D, Migdal C. Neurosyphilis with optic neuritis: an update. Postgrad Med J 2006;82:36-39.

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[1] Johns DR, Tierney M, Felsenstein D. Alteration in the natural history of neurosyphilis by concurrent infection with the human immunodeficiency virus. N Engl J Med 1987;316:1567-1572.

[2] Timmermans M, Carr J. Neurosyphilis in the modern era. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004;75:1727-1730.

[3] http://www.neuropsicol.org/Protocol/mmse30.pdf

[4] Vargas AP, Carod-Artal FJ, Del Negro MC, Rodrigues MP. Dementia caused by neurosyphilis: clinical and neuropsychological follow-up of a patient. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2000;58:578-582.

[5] Sentíes-Madrid H, Estañol-Vidal B. Demencias reversibles y demencias tratables. Rev Neurol 2006;43:101-112.

[6] Schiff E, Lindberg M. Neurosyphilis. South Med J 2002;95:1083-1087.

[7] Ropper AH. A rational approach to dementia. CMA Journal 1979;3:1175-1190.

[8] Lair L, Naidech AM. Modern neuropsychiatric presentation of neurosyphilis. Neurology 2004;63:1331-1333.

[9] Lukehart SA, Hook EW, Baker-Zander SA, Collier AC, Critchlow CW, Handsfield HH. Invasion of the central nervous system by Treponema pallidum: implications for diagnosis and treatment. Ann Intern Med 1988;109:855-862.

[10] Gaudio PA. Update on ocular syphilis. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2006;17:562-566.

[11] Smith GT, Goldmeier D, Migdal C. Neurosyphilis with optic neuritis: an update. Postgrad Med J 2006;82:36-39.

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