EXPERTOS EN FISIOLOGÍA: RESUMEN DE LO QUEDEBES SABER DE LAS HORMONAS TIROIDEAS

Oris Lam de Calvo; Lilibeth Castillero de Santos

Submitted November 2, 2024

Published 2026-02-02

Artículos de Investigación

Vol. 33 No. 2 (2020): Revista Médico Científica

EXPERTS IN PHYSIOLOGY: SUMMARY ON WHATYOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT THYROID HORMONES

Oris Lam de Calvo⁺⁻
Lilibeth Castillero de Santos⁺⁻

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DOI: ND

Published: 2026-02-02

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Abstract

The thyroid gland secretes two important hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine. It is now known that a more selective regulation of the synthesis of triiodothyronine from the deiodination of thyroxine in target tissues exist. This allows a greater availability of hormone in certain tissues, according tophysiological needs, and conversely protects it from excessively high levels of said hormone. The thyroid gland has the ability to store and self-regulate the entry of iodine into it and to divert hormonal synthesis towards triiodothyronine in the face oflow iodine intake. In addition to nuclear receptors, other receptors for thyroid hormones are known and are located in the mitochondria and on the surface of the plasma membrane; their effects are essential in development, growth and metabolism.

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References

Sinha R, Yen P, Cellular Action of Thyroid HormoneEndotext www.endotext.org. June 20, 2018. Disponible en https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK285568/
Tresguerres JA. (Ed) Fisiología Humana. Cuarta Edición. Editorial McGraw-Hill, pp 929-938. 2010.
Mendoza A, Hollenberg. A. New insights into thyroid hormone action. Pharmacology &Therapeutics Vol 173:135-145.2017
Skah S, UchuyaJ, SirakovM, PlaterotiM. The thyroid hormone nuclear receptors and the Wnt/?-catenin pathway: An intriguing liaison. Developmental Biology. Volume 422, Issue 2:71-82. 2017.
Cyril S, Anyetei A, Roggero V, Allison L. Thyroid hormone receptor localization in target tissues. Journal Endocrinol 237 (1)R19-R34. 2018.
Schroeder A, Privalsky M. Thyroid hormones, T3 and T4 in the brain. Frontiers in Endocrinology, Vol 5 Article 40. Review. 2014.
Litwack G. (Ed). Thyroid hormone. Vitamins and Hormones, First Edition Vol 106, Elsevier Inc, 2018. Capítulo 1, páginas 1-17.
Cheng S, Leonard J, Davis P. Molecular aspects of thyroid hormone actions. Endocr Rev.31(2):139-170. 2010.
VellaK,HollenbergA.Theactionsofthyroidhormonesignalinginthenucleus.MolecularandCellularEndocrinologyVol458:127–135.2017.
RoggeroV, ZhangJ, Parente L, Doshi Y, Dziedzic R, Allison L. Nuclear import of the thyroid hormone receptor ?1 is mediated by importin 7, importin ?1, and adaptor importin ?1.Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. Vol 419:185-197. 2016.
Boron W, Boulpaeb E. Medical Physiology, Third Edition, Elsevier Inc, pp 1006-1017. 2017.
Koeppen B, Stanton B. Berne & Levy Physiology, Seventh Edition, Elsevier, pp 753-765. 2018
Córdoba N., García H., Builes C. Cambios de la función tiroidea en el embarazo: bases para la interpretación de las pruebas tiroideas. Iatreia, Vol. 26 (2): 185-196. 2013.
Pérez J. Pruebas de Función tiroideas en el embarazo. Revista médica de Costa Rica y Centroamérica, LXXI (617) 733-736. 2015.
American Thyroid Association [Internet]. La Enfermedad de la Tiroides y el Embarazo. 2016. Disponible en: https://www.thyroid.org/
Patel J., Landers K., Li H., Mortimer R H and Richard K. Thyroid hormones and fetal neurological development. Journal of Endocrinology, 209, pp 1-8. 2011.
Stenzel D., Huttner W. Role of maternal thyroid hormones in the developing neocortex and during human evolution. Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, Vol 7, Article 19. Review. 2013.
García-García C. Fisiología tiroidea. Med Int Méx 32(5):569-575. 2016
Morte B, Bernal J. Thyroid hormone action: astrocyte-neuron communication. Frontiers in Endocrinology Vol 5 Article 82. Review. 2014.
IbañezToda L., Marcos Salas MV. Actualización en Patología tiroidea. En: AEPap (ed), Curso de Actualización Pediatría 2017. Madrid: Lúa Ediciones 3.0. pp 161-174. 2017.
Bernal J. Hormonas tiroideas y Desarrollo Cerebral. Rev Esp Endocrinol Pediatr, Volumen 5. Suplemento (2): 5 a 8. 2014.
Ahmed RG. Hypothyroidism and brain developmental players. Thyroid Research. 8:2 Review. 2015.
Kasper D., Hauser S., Jameson L., Fauci A., Longo D., Loscalzo J. Harrison, Principios de Medicina Interna. Editorial Mc-GrawHill, 19aEdición, pp 2283-2308. 2016.

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[1] Sinha R, Yen P, Cellular Action of Thyroid HormoneEndotext www.endotext.org. June 20, 2018. Disponible en https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK285568/

[2] Tresguerres JA. (Ed) Fisiología Humana. Cuarta Edición. Editorial McGraw-Hill, pp 929-938. 2010.

[3] Mendoza A, Hollenberg. A. New insights into thyroid hormone action. Pharmacology &Therapeutics Vol 173:135-145.2017

[4] Skah S, UchuyaJ, SirakovM, PlaterotiM. The thyroid hormone nuclear receptors and the Wnt/?-catenin pathway: An intriguing liaison. Developmental Biology. Volume 422, Issue 2:71-82. 2017.

[5] Cyril S, Anyetei A, Roggero V, Allison L. Thyroid hormone receptor localization in target tissues. Journal Endocrinol 237 (1)R19-R34. 2018.

[6] Schroeder A, Privalsky M. Thyroid hormones, T3 and T4 in the brain. Frontiers in Endocrinology, Vol 5 Article 40. Review. 2014.

[7] Litwack G. (Ed). Thyroid hormone. Vitamins and Hormones, First Edition Vol 106, Elsevier Inc, 2018. Capítulo 1, páginas 1-17.

[8] Cheng S, Leonard J, Davis P. Molecular aspects of thyroid hormone actions. Endocr Rev.31(2):139-170. 2010.

[9] VellaK,HollenbergA.Theactionsofthyroidhormonesignalinginthenucleus.MolecularandCellularEndocrinologyVol458:127–135.2017.

[10] RoggeroV, ZhangJ, Parente L, Doshi Y, Dziedzic R, Allison L. Nuclear import of the thyroid hormone receptor ?1 is mediated by importin 7, importin ?1, and adaptor importin ?1.Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. Vol 419:185-197. 2016.

[11] Boron W, Boulpaeb E. Medical Physiology, Third Edition, Elsevier Inc, pp 1006-1017. 2017.

[12] Koeppen B, Stanton B. Berne & Levy Physiology, Seventh Edition, Elsevier, pp 753-765. 2018

[13] Córdoba N., García H., Builes C. Cambios de la función tiroidea en el embarazo: bases para la interpretación de las pruebas tiroideas. Iatreia, Vol. 26 (2): 185-196. 2013.

[14] Pérez J. Pruebas de Función tiroideas en el embarazo. Revista médica de Costa Rica y Centroamérica, LXXI (617) 733-736. 2015.

[15] American Thyroid Association [Internet]. La Enfermedad de la Tiroides y el Embarazo. 2016. Disponible en: https://www.thyroid.org/

[16] Patel J., Landers K., Li H., Mortimer R H and Richard K. Thyroid hormones and fetal neurological development. Journal of Endocrinology, 209, pp 1-8. 2011.

[17] Stenzel D., Huttner W. Role of maternal thyroid hormones in the developing neocortex and during human evolution. Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, Vol 7, Article 19. Review. 2013.

[18] García-García C. Fisiología tiroidea. Med Int Méx 32(5):569-575. 2016

[19] Morte B, Bernal J. Thyroid hormone action: astrocyte-neuron communication. Frontiers in Endocrinology Vol 5 Article 82. Review. 2014.

[20] IbañezToda L., Marcos Salas MV. Actualización en Patología tiroidea. En: AEPap (ed), Curso de Actualización Pediatría 2017. Madrid: Lúa Ediciones 3.0. pp 161-174. 2017.

[21] Bernal J. Hormonas tiroideas y Desarrollo Cerebral. Rev Esp Endocrinol Pediatr, Volumen 5. Suplemento (2): 5 a 8. 2014.

[22] Ahmed RG. Hypothyroidism and brain developmental players. Thyroid Research. 8:2 Review. 2015.

[23] Kasper D., Hauser S., Jameson L., Fauci A., Longo D., Loscalzo J. Harrison, Principios de Medicina Interna. Editorial Mc-GrawHill, 19aEdición, pp 2283-2308. 2016.

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