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Neonatal mortality is health indicator that shows the environment in which the fetus growths, and surrounds the mother and newborn. Therefore the optimal attention of newborn will depend on the know ledge of the maternal antecedents and the occurred thing during the delivery. The neonatal mortality rate for the first half of 2000 was 18.6 x 1000 newborns. A retrospective, descriptive study was made using information from 69 clinical files of newborns who died during the study period. A greater amount in the frequency of mortality rates was observed in mothers between the ages of 20 to 24 (31.9%) ; without prenatal control (40.6%); with spontaneous delivery termination (68.1%); that had preterm newborns (72.5 %); with extremely low birth weight (34.8%); males (58%). The highest frequency rate was found in women with obstetrical complications such as preterm delivery threat (40.6%) and premature rupture of membranes (23.2%). It also showed frequent neonatal mortalities due lo nosocomial (31.9%) and congenital (26.1%) infections, followed by congenital malformations (18.8%). The study also revealed that the neonatal mortality rate doubled for the Santo Tomas Hospital, keeping a similar rate to those shown in other publications.
