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Anabolic steroids are synthetic derivates of natural testosterone broadly used by sports amateurs and athletes to improve their physical performance. Anabolic steroids have three different types of effect: proteic, activating the synthesis of proteins for improving muscular mass; anti-catabolic, by blocking glucocorticoid effects which decrease protein synthesis; and neurological, increasing the ability to tolerate intense physical activity.
Consumption must be careful, because of adverse effects on cardiovascular, endocrine, dermatologic, hepatic, and renal systems. Nonetheless, AS are justified in cases of hypogonadism, sexual impotence, and diseases that cause emaciation.
The most common cardiac diseases caused by the abuse of anabolic steroids are arterial hypertension, coronary disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, heart failure, and cardiomyopathy.
