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HIV infection produces important changes in the immune system, particularly in cell-mediated immunity. Patients in advanced stages with CD4 cell counts less than 200 cel/ml are especially susceptible to opportunistic infections which may be bacterial, fungal, parasitic or others. Among these, bacterial infections by an encapsulated agent are the most common and the most important, particularly those produced by Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae, Salmonella sp, Pseudomona aeruginosa and Rhodococcus equi.
