There have been many important advances in perinatal HIV recently, especially with regards to prevention, monitorization of viral load and combined anti-retroviral treatment. We now have spectrum of prophylactic strategies using long or short therapies with zidovudine (AZT) alone or combined and recently with nevirapine. We may add significant prophylactic value to these pharmacological advances with an elective cesarean for the reduction of perinatal HIV and the avoidance of breast feeding by infected mothers. The introduction of reliable methods for determining the viral response monitorization easier and directs the physician with regards to the potential risk of a pregnant woman of transmitting HIV to her newborn. Finally, the development of many drugs which act upon different steps of HIV replication allow us to dramatically improve the quality of life in the children with AIDS, with the hope of preserving optimum clinical condition for when curative therapies are discovered.