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Introduction: Despite handling 9.57 million TEUs in 2023, Panama faces a significant operational gap compared with world-class logistics hubs such as Singapore. Digital twins are emerging as a transformative Logistics 4.0 technology capable of accelerating the modernisation of Panama’s port ecosystem. Objectives: Assess the technical-economic feasibility and the potential impact of deploying digital twins in Panama’s maritime-port logistics hubs.
Methodology: Mixed exploratory research that integrated: (i) a systematic review of 84 articles, narrowing to 16 relevant publications (2000-2025) after rigorous screening; (ii) analysis of three successful cases (Tuas Port, DHL Supply Chain, and Natura); and (iii) five semi-structured interviews with local logistics managers. Projected benefits were scaled by proportional extrapolation using Panama’s digital-adoption index (0.20). Results: Implementation projects substantial operational gains: +8 % in inventory accuracy, –15 % in processing times, –20 % in energy consumption, and +25 % in customer satisfaction. Cultural analysis revealed that high power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and collectivism require specific strategies: visible hierarchical leadership, demonstrative pilot projects, and group-based training. Conclusions: Digital twins are technically and economically viable in Panama. A phased adoption—rooted in pilots and training—can narrow the operational gap with leading global ports and strengthen the country’s position as a benchmark regional logistics hub.
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