Residuos de glifosato y ácido aminometilfosfónico: Un riesgo silencioso para el ambiente

Alexandra Samudio; Heriberto Franco

doi:10.48204/semillaeste.v5n2.6848

Enviado febrero 1, 2025

Publicado 2025-04-30

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Vol. 5 Núm. 2 (2025): Revista Semilla del Este

Residuos de glifosato y ácido aminometilfosfónico: Un riesgo silencioso para el ambiente

Alexandra Samudio⁺⁻
Heriberto Franco⁺⁻

DOI https://doi.org/10.48204/semillaeste.v5n2.6848

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DOI: 10.48204/semillaeste.v5n2.6848

Publicado: 2025-04-30

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Samudio, A., & Franco, H. (2025). Residuos de glifosato y ácido aminometilfosfónico: Un riesgo silencioso para el ambiente. Revista Semilla Del Este, 5(2), 284–296. https://doi.org/10.48204/semillaeste.v5n2.6848

Derechos de autor 2025 Revista Semilla del Este

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.

Resumen

Actualmente, el aseguramiento de la producción de alimentos es una preocupación que ha llevado a la utilización de productos químicos tales como los herbicidas formulados a base de glifosato, los cuales han permitido una mejora en los rendimientos de los cultivos gracias a la eliminación de las malezas. Sin embargo, el uso descontrolado de este herbicida ha despertado preocupaciones acerca de los efectos a largo plazo que este compuesto y su metabolito principal el ácido aminometilfosfónico (AMPA), pueden acarrear en el medio ambiente, principalmente en los suelos de uso agrícola y cuerpos de agua. El presente documento es una revisión sistemática acerca del uso del glifosato como compuesto activo en herbicidas y cómo su uso desmedido impacta negativamente el medio ambiente. Por ello, se abarcaron temáticas como la persistencia en matrices ambientales, los efectos sobre la microbiota del suelo, su movilidad hacia aguas subterráneas y superficiales, y el riesgo de contaminación de estas; el uso del glifosato en Panamá y la sostenibilidad de su utilización a nivel agrícola. A través de una revisión de estudios recientes se busca dar a conocer los efectos de este producto en el ambiente y crear conciencia sobre los riesgos que conlleva su uso descontrolado.

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Ahuja, M., Kumar, L., Kumar, K., Shingatgeri, V. M., & Kumar, S. (2024). Glyphosate: A review on its widespread prevalence and occurrence across various systems. Environmental Science Advances, 3(7), 1030-1038. https://doi.org/10.1039/d4va00085d
Aizpurua, J. (2021). Agricultura en Panamá: ¿Quién controla el uso de plaguicidas peligrosos para la salud?. TVN Noticias. https://www.tvn-2.com/contenido-exclusivo/agricultura-panama-controla-plaguicidas-peligrosos_1_1011787.html
Aparicio, V. C., De Gerónimo, E., Marino, D., Primost, J., Carriquiriborde, P., & Costa, J. L. (2013). Environmental fate of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in surface waters and soil of agricultural basins. Chemosphere, 93(9), 1866-1873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.06.041
Bai, S. H., Ogbourne, S. M. (2016). Glyphosate: environmental contamination, toxicity and potential risks to human health via food contamination. Environmental Science And Pollution Research, 23(19), 18988-19001. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7425-3
Beneath the orange fields: Impact of Glyphosate on soil organisms. (2023). PAN Europe. https://www.pan-europe.info/resources/briefings/2023/11/beneath-orange-fields-impact-glyphosate-soil-organisms
De Carvalho Marques, J. G., Da Silva Veríssimo, K. J., Fernandes, B. S., De Melo Ferreira, S. R., Montenegro, S. M. G. L., & Motteran, F. (2021). Glyphosate: A Review on the Current Environmental Impacts from a Brazilian Perspective. Bulletin Of Environmental Contamination And Toxicology, 107(3), 385-397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-021-03295-4
Espinosa, J., Barba, A. (2014). Reseña histórica de la problemática de contaminación por agroquímicos y mecanismos de regulación en Panamá. Universidad de Panamá. Visión Antataura. 2(1). 37-48. Recuperado de https://revistas.up.ac.pa/index.php/antataura/article/view/154
Ferreira, N. G., Da Silva, K. A., Guimarães, A. T. B., & De Oliveira, C. M. R. (2023). Hotspots of soil pollution: Possible glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid risks on terrestrial ecosystems and human health. Environment International, 179, 108135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2023.108135
Garcerán, P., Castillo, M. (2019). Uso de plaguicidas en la Agroindustria: Panamá y el mundo. Prima Tecnológico. Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá. 10 (1). DOI https://doi.org/10.33412/pri.v10.1.2169
Goffnett, A. M., Sprague, C. L., Mendoza, F., & Cichy, K. A. (2016). Preharvest Herbicide Treatments Affect Black Bean Desiccation, Yield, and Canned Bean Color. Crop Science, 56(4), 1962-1969. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2015.08.0469
Grandcoin, A., Piel, S., & Baurès, E. (2017). AminoMethylPhosphonic acid (AMPA) in natural waters: Its sources, behavior and environmental fate. Water Research, 117, 187-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.03.055
Hagner, M., Mikola, J., Saloniemi, I., Saikkonen, K., & Helander, M. (2019). Effects of a glyphosate-based herbicide on soil animal trophic groups and associated ecosystem functioning in a northern agricultural field. Scientific Reports, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44988-5
Helander, M., Pauna, A., Saikkonen, K., & Saloniemi, I. (2019). Glyphosate residues in soil affect crop plant germination and growth. Scientific Reports, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56195-3
Herbicide Tolerance Technology: Glyphosate and Glufosinate | ISAAA.org. (s. f.). https://www.isaaa.org/resources/publications/pocketk/10/default.asp
Herrera, R., Collantes, R., Caballero, M., Pittí, J. (2021). Caracterización de fincas hortícolas en Cerro Punta, Chiriquí, Panamá. Revista de Investigaciones Altoandinas, 23 (4), 200-209. https://dx.doi.org/10.18271/ria.2021.329
IARC Monograph on Glyphosate. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Word Health Organization (WHO). (2018). https://www.iarc.who.int/featured-news/media-centre-iarc-news-glyphosate/
Kanissery, R., Gairhe, B., Kadyampakeni, D., Batuman, O., & Alferez, F. (2019). Glyphosate: Its Environmental Persistence and Impact on Crop Health and Nutrition. Plants, 8(11), 499. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8110499
La Cecilia, D., & Maggi, F. (2017). Analysis of glyphosate degradation in a soil microcosm. Environmental Pollution, 233, 201-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.017
Laitinen, P., Rämö, S., & Siimes, K. (2007). Glyphosate translocation from plants to soil – does this constitute a significant proportion of residues in soil? Plant And Soil, 300(1-2), 51-60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9387-1
Leoci, R.,Ruberti, M. (2020). Glyphosate in Agriculture: Environmental Persistence and Effects on Animals. A Review. DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory Of Open Access Journals). https://doi.org/10.12895/jaeid.20201.1167
Mac Loughlin, T. M., Peluso, M. L., & Marino, D. J. (2022). Evaluation of pesticide pollution in the Gualeguay Basin: An extensive agriculture area in Argentina. The Science Of The Total Environment, 851, 158142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158142
Masotti, F., Garavaglia, B. S., Gottig, N., & Ottado, J. (2023). Bioremediation of the herbicide glyphosate in polluted soils by plant-associated microbes. Current Opinion In Microbiology, 73, 102290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2023.102290
Meftaul, I. M., Venkateswarlu, K., Dharmarajan, R., Annamalai, P., Asaduzzaman, M., Parven, A., & Megharaj, M. (2020). Controversies over human health and ecological impacts of glyphosate: Is it to be banned in modern agriculture? Environmental Pollution, 263, 114372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114372
Muskus, A. M., Krauss, M., Miltner, A., Hamer, U., & Nowak, K. M. (2019). Degradation of glyphosate in a Colombian soil is influenced by temperature, total organic carbon content and pH. Environmental Pollution, 259, 113767. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113767
Neumann G., Kohls S., Landsberg K., Stock-Oliveira Souza K., Yamada T., Römeheld V. (2006). Relevance of glyphosate transfer to non-target plants via the rhizosphere. J. PlantvDiseases and Protection 20:963–970. Recuperado de https://www.stopogm.net/old/sites/stopogm.net/files/RGTNTPVR.PDF
Neve, P., Matzrafi, M., Ulber, L., Baraibar, B., Beffa, R., Belvaux, X., Farré, J. T., Mennan, H., Ringselle, B., Salonen, J., Soukup, J., Andert, S., Duecker, R., Gonzalez, E., Hamouzová, K., Karpinski, I., Travlos, I. S., Vidotto, F., & Kudsk, P. (2024). Current and future glyphosate use in European agriculture. Weed Research, 64(3), 181-196. https://doi.org/10.1111/wre.12624
Padilla, J. T., & Selim, H. M. (2019). Environmental behavior of glyphosate in soils. En Advances in agronomy (pp. 1-34). https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.agron.2019.07.005
PubChem. (s. f.). Glyphosate. National library of Medicine (NCBI). https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Glyphosate
Ramula, S., Kalske, A., Saikkonen, K., & Helander, M. (2022). Glyphosate residues in soil can modify plant resistance to herbivores through changes in leaf quality. Plant Biology, 24(6), 979-986. https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.13453
Reynoso, E. C., Peña, R. D., Reyes, D., Chavarin-Pineda, Y., Palchetti, I., & Torres, E. (2020). Determination of Glyphosate in Water from a Rural Locality in México and Its Implications for the Population Based on Water Consumption and Use Habits. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 17(19), 7102. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197102
Rivas-Garcia, T., Espinosa-Calderón, A., Hernández-Vázquez, B., & Schwentesius-Rindermann, R. (2022). Overview of Environmental and Health Effects Related to Glyphosate Usage. Sustainability, 14(11), 6868. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116868
Rodriguez, C. (2020). Uso del glifosato en cultivos agrícolas e ilícitos: impacto en la microbiota del suelo a medida que aumenta la tasa de aplicación. Recuperado de https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/server/api/core/bitstreams/da7878be-e179-4ba0-9193-15cb0c84d12b/content
Ruiz-Toledo, J., Castro, R., Rivero-Pérez, N., Bello-Mendoza, R., Sánchez, D. (2014). Occurrence of Glyphosate in Water Bodies Derived from Intensive Agriculture in a Tropical Region of Southern Mexico. Bulletin Of Environmental Contamination And Toxicology, 93(3), 289-293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-014-1328-0
Stempvoort, V., Roy, J., Brown, S., Bickerton, G. (2013). Residues of the herbicide glyphosate in riparian groundwater in urban catchments. Chemosphere, 95, 455-463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.095
The impact of glyphosate on soil heatlh: The evidence to date. (s.f.). Soil Association. Recuperado de: https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.soilassociation.org/media/7229/glyphosate-and-soil-health-a-summary1docx.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjL_Nqz0ZGKAxWgfTABHVw9FvYQFnoECBgQAQ&usg=AOvVaw21hju1J96rjTTWzL9Mz4XU
Tzanetou, E., Karasali, H. (2020). Glyphosate Residues in Soil and Air: An Integrated Review. En IntechOpen eBooks. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93066
Van Bruggen, A., He, M., Shin, K., Mai, V., Jeong, K., Finckh, Morris, J. (2017). Environmental and health effects of the herbicide glyphosate. The Science Of The Total Environment, 616-617, 255-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.309
Vera, M. (2011). Impacto del glifosato y algunos de sus formulados comerciales sobre el perifiton de agua dulce. Acta Toxicológica Argentina, 19 (2), 87-88. https://ri.conicet.gov.ar/bitstream/handle/11336/68519/CONICET_Digital_No.be74d1f7-7894-4f25-af8b-34bcc43be123_A.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y
Zaller, J. G., Weber, M., Maderthaner, M., Gruber, E., Takács, E., Mörtl, M., Klátyik, S., Gy?ri, J., Römbke, J., Leisch, F., Spangl, B., Székács, A. (2021). Effects of glyphosate-based herbicides and their active ingredients on earthworms, water infiltration and glyphosate leaching are influenced by soil properties. Environmental Sciences Europe, 33(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-021-00492-0

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[1] Ahuja, M., Kumar, L., Kumar, K., Shingatgeri, V. M., & Kumar, S. (2024). Glyphosate: A review on its widespread prevalence and occurrence across various systems. Environmental Science Advances, 3(7), 1030-1038. https://doi.org/10.1039/d4va00085d

[2] Aizpurua, J. (2021). Agricultura en Panamá: ¿Quién controla el uso de plaguicidas peligrosos para la salud?. TVN Noticias. https://www.tvn-2.com/contenido-exclusivo/agricultura-panama-controla-plaguicidas-peligrosos_1_1011787.html

[3] Aparicio, V. C., De Gerónimo, E., Marino, D., Primost, J., Carriquiriborde, P., & Costa, J. L. (2013). Environmental fate of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in surface waters and soil of agricultural basins. Chemosphere, 93(9), 1866-1873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.06.041

[4] Bai, S. H., Ogbourne, S. M. (2016). Glyphosate: environmental contamination, toxicity and potential risks to human health via food contamination. Environmental Science And Pollution Research, 23(19), 18988-19001. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7425-3

[5] Beneath the orange fields: Impact of Glyphosate on soil organisms. (2023). PAN Europe. https://www.pan-europe.info/resources/briefings/2023/11/beneath-orange-fields-impact-glyphosate-soil-organisms

[6] De Carvalho Marques, J. G., Da Silva Veríssimo, K. J., Fernandes, B. S., De Melo Ferreira, S. R., Montenegro, S. M. G. L., & Motteran, F. (2021). Glyphosate: A Review on the Current Environmental Impacts from a Brazilian Perspective. Bulletin Of Environmental Contamination And Toxicology, 107(3), 385-397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-021-03295-4

[7] Espinosa, J., Barba, A. (2014). Reseña histórica de la problemática de contaminación por agroquímicos y mecanismos de regulación en Panamá. Universidad de Panamá. Visión Antataura. 2(1). 37-48. Recuperado de https://revistas.up.ac.pa/index.php/antataura/article/view/154

[8] Ferreira, N. G., Da Silva, K. A., Guimarães, A. T. B., & De Oliveira, C. M. R. (2023). Hotspots of soil pollution: Possible glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid risks on terrestrial ecosystems and human health. Environment International, 179, 108135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2023.108135

[9] Garcerán, P., Castillo, M. (2019). Uso de plaguicidas en la Agroindustria: Panamá y el mundo. Prima Tecnológico. Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá. 10 (1). DOI https://doi.org/10.33412/pri.v10.1.2169

[10] Goffnett, A. M., Sprague, C. L., Mendoza, F., & Cichy, K. A. (2016). Preharvest Herbicide Treatments Affect Black Bean Desiccation, Yield, and Canned Bean Color. Crop Science, 56(4), 1962-1969. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2015.08.0469

[11] Grandcoin, A., Piel, S., & Baurès, E. (2017). AminoMethylPhosphonic acid (AMPA) in natural waters: Its sources, behavior and environmental fate. Water Research, 117, 187-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.03.055

[12] Hagner, M., Mikola, J., Saloniemi, I., Saikkonen, K., & Helander, M. (2019). Effects of a glyphosate-based herbicide on soil animal trophic groups and associated ecosystem functioning in a northern agricultural field. Scientific Reports, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44988-5

[13] Helander, M., Pauna, A., Saikkonen, K., & Saloniemi, I. (2019). Glyphosate residues in soil affect crop plant germination and growth. Scientific Reports, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56195-3

[14] Herbicide Tolerance Technology: Glyphosate and Glufosinate | ISAAA.org. (s. f.). https://www.isaaa.org/resources/publications/pocketk/10/default.asp

[15] Herrera, R., Collantes, R., Caballero, M., Pittí, J. (2021). Caracterización de fincas hortícolas en Cerro Punta, Chiriquí, Panamá. Revista de Investigaciones Altoandinas, 23 (4), 200-209. https://dx.doi.org/10.18271/ria.2021.329

[16] IARC Monograph on Glyphosate. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Word Health Organization (WHO). (2018). https://www.iarc.who.int/featured-news/media-centre-iarc-news-glyphosate/

[17] Kanissery, R., Gairhe, B., Kadyampakeni, D., Batuman, O., & Alferez, F. (2019). Glyphosate: Its Environmental Persistence and Impact on Crop Health and Nutrition. Plants, 8(11), 499. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8110499

[18] La Cecilia, D., & Maggi, F. (2017). Analysis of glyphosate degradation in a soil microcosm. Environmental Pollution, 233, 201-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.017

[19] Laitinen, P., Rämö, S., & Siimes, K. (2007). Glyphosate translocation from plants to soil – does this constitute a significant proportion of residues in soil? Plant And Soil, 300(1-2), 51-60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9387-1

[20] Leoci, R.,Ruberti, M. (2020). Glyphosate in Agriculture: Environmental Persistence and Effects on Animals. A Review. DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory Of Open Access Journals). https://doi.org/10.12895/jaeid.20201.1167

[21] Mac Loughlin, T. M., Peluso, M. L., & Marino, D. J. (2022). Evaluation of pesticide pollution in the Gualeguay Basin: An extensive agriculture area in Argentina. The Science Of The Total Environment, 851, 158142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158142

[22] Masotti, F., Garavaglia, B. S., Gottig, N., & Ottado, J. (2023). Bioremediation of the herbicide glyphosate in polluted soils by plant-associated microbes. Current Opinion In Microbiology, 73, 102290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2023.102290

[23] Meftaul, I. M., Venkateswarlu, K., Dharmarajan, R., Annamalai, P., Asaduzzaman, M., Parven, A., & Megharaj, M. (2020). Controversies over human health and ecological impacts of glyphosate: Is it to be banned in modern agriculture? Environmental Pollution, 263, 114372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114372

[24] Muskus, A. M., Krauss, M., Miltner, A., Hamer, U., & Nowak, K. M. (2019). Degradation of glyphosate in a Colombian soil is influenced by temperature, total organic carbon content and pH. Environmental Pollution, 259, 113767. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113767

[25] Neumann G., Kohls S., Landsberg K., Stock-Oliveira Souza K., Yamada T., Römeheld V. (2006). Relevance of glyphosate transfer to non-target plants via the rhizosphere. J. PlantvDiseases and Protection 20:963–970. Recuperado de https://www.stopogm.net/old/sites/stopogm.net/files/RGTNTPVR.PDF

[26] Neve, P., Matzrafi, M., Ulber, L., Baraibar, B., Beffa, R., Belvaux, X., Farré, J. T., Mennan, H., Ringselle, B., Salonen, J., Soukup, J., Andert, S., Duecker, R., Gonzalez, E., Hamouzová, K., Karpinski, I., Travlos, I. S., Vidotto, F., & Kudsk, P. (2024). Current and future glyphosate use in European agriculture. Weed Research, 64(3), 181-196. https://doi.org/10.1111/wre.12624

[27] Padilla, J. T., & Selim, H. M. (2019). Environmental behavior of glyphosate in soils. En Advances in agronomy (pp. 1-34). https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.agron.2019.07.005

[28] PubChem. (s. f.). Glyphosate. National library of Medicine (NCBI). https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Glyphosate

[29] Ramula, S., Kalske, A., Saikkonen, K., & Helander, M. (2022). Glyphosate residues in soil can modify plant resistance to herbivores through changes in leaf quality. Plant Biology, 24(6), 979-986. https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.13453

[30] Reynoso, E. C., Peña, R. D., Reyes, D., Chavarin-Pineda, Y., Palchetti, I., & Torres, E. (2020). Determination of Glyphosate in Water from a Rural Locality in México and Its Implications for the Population Based on Water Consumption and Use Habits. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 17(19), 7102. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197102

[31] Rivas-Garcia, T., Espinosa-Calderón, A., Hernández-Vázquez, B., & Schwentesius-Rindermann, R. (2022). Overview of Environmental and Health Effects Related to Glyphosate Usage. Sustainability, 14(11), 6868. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116868

[32] Rodriguez, C. (2020). Uso del glifosato en cultivos agrícolas e ilícitos: impacto en la microbiota del suelo a medida que aumenta la tasa de aplicación. Recuperado de https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/server/api/core/bitstreams/da7878be-e179-4ba0-9193-15cb0c84d12b/content

[33] Ruiz-Toledo, J., Castro, R., Rivero-Pérez, N., Bello-Mendoza, R., Sánchez, D. (2014). Occurrence of Glyphosate in Water Bodies Derived from Intensive Agriculture in a Tropical Region of Southern Mexico. Bulletin Of Environmental Contamination And Toxicology, 93(3), 289-293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-014-1328-0

[34] Stempvoort, V., Roy, J., Brown, S., Bickerton, G. (2013). Residues of the herbicide glyphosate in riparian groundwater in urban catchments. Chemosphere, 95, 455-463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.095

[35] The impact of glyphosate on soil heatlh: The evidence to date. (s.f.). Soil Association. Recuperado de: https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.soilassociation.org/media/7229/glyphosate-and-soil-health-a-summary1docx.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjL_Nqz0ZGKAxWgfTABHVw9FvYQFnoECBgQAQ&usg=AOvVaw21hju1J96rjTTWzL9Mz4XU

[36] Tzanetou, E., Karasali, H. (2020). Glyphosate Residues in Soil and Air: An Integrated Review. En IntechOpen eBooks. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93066

[37] Van Bruggen, A., He, M., Shin, K., Mai, V., Jeong, K., Finckh, Morris, J. (2017). Environmental and health effects of the herbicide glyphosate. The Science Of The Total Environment, 616-617, 255-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.309

[38] Vera, M. (2011). Impacto del glifosato y algunos de sus formulados comerciales sobre el perifiton de agua dulce. Acta Toxicológica Argentina, 19 (2), 87-88. https://ri.conicet.gov.ar/bitstream/handle/11336/68519/CONICET_Digital_No.be74d1f7-7894-4f25-af8b-34bcc43be123_A.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y

[39] Zaller, J. G., Weber, M., Maderthaner, M., Gruber, E., Takács, E., Mörtl, M., Klátyik, S., Gy?ri, J., Römbke, J., Leisch, F., Spangl, B., Székács, A. (2021). Effects of glyphosate-based herbicides and their active ingredients on earthworms, water infiltration and glyphosate leaching are influenced by soil properties. Environmental Sciences Europe, 33(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-021-00492-0

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