IMANES DE MOLÉCULA ÚNICA:
HACIA APLICACIONES TECNOLÓGICAS
Palabras clave:
Sensores cuánticos, simulaciones cuánticas, computación cuántica, transistor de espín, válvula de espín, bit cuántico, corrección cuántica de errores, tunelamiento cuántico de la magnetizaciónResumen
La utilización de los efectos cuánticos puede influir en gran medida en el funcionamiento de los dispositivos tecnológicos. Hasta la fecha, los conocimientos adquiridos sobre la naturaleza cuántica de varios sistemas han impulsado la propuesta de varias aplicaciones tecnológicas futuristas, como sensores cuánticos, la simulación y la computación cuánticas. Los imanes de molécula única (SMM, por sus siglas en inglés) representan una clase de objetos cuánticos con propiedades prometedoras para ser explotados en las tecnologías cuánticas. Hoy en día, se ha demostrado que los SMMs poseen efectos cuánticos desconcertantes, como la tunelización cuántica de la magnetización (QTM, por sus siglas en inglés), la cuantización de los estados de energía, coherencia, efectos de paridad de espín y el entrelazamiento, entre otros. Además, se han integrado con éxito en dispositivos espintrónicos híbridos de una sola molécula, como los transistores y las válvulas de espín, lo que ha propiciado una amplia investigación de aplicaciones tecnológicas. En este artículo de revisión, se describen algunos aspectos cuánticos clave que hacen de los SMMs sistemas prometedores para propuestas tecnológicas. Además, se describen los dispositivos de una sola molécula, en los que los SMMs se han integrado como dispositivos híbridos, así como las aplicaciones tecnológicas, como sensores cuánticos, la simulación y la computación cuánticas.
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