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The accelerated urbanization process in Panama City has led to significant transformations in the natural landscape, intensifying the effects of urban heat islands and altering environmental quality. In this context, urban parks—such as the Omar Recreational and Cultural Park—play a key role in moderating temperature through shade and evapotranspiration, providing more comfortable and sustainable environments.
The study was conducted during the 2025 rainy season, with observations taken at daytime intervals (morning, noon, and afternoon) to capture thermal variability under contrasting conditions of cloudiness and precipitation. The results reveal thermal contrasts of up to 3 °C within the park, directly related to vegetation cover and land use. Areas with high tree density exhibited more stable and cooler conditions (28,70 °C –29,30 °C), whereas asphalted zones and exposed recreational spaces recorded extreme temperatures (>30,50 °C), exceeding the thermal comfort thresholds established by ASHRAE Standard 55-2017.
These findings highlight the importance of integrating localized microclimatic data into urban planning to design mitigation strategies that reduce thermal stress and enhance user experience in tropical public spaces.