Land rent for extensive animal breeding and subsistence agriculture constitute their main income of the inhabitants; nevertheless, “El Montuoso” conserves the more important fragments of native forests in the province of Herrera. The study has identified the main ecosystem goods and services of the Reserve, as well as the social perception of these services by the inhabitants of the Reserve and its neighborhood area. The inhabitants of the Reserve recognize the contributions of the forest remnants to the family economy of the local communities; although some of them, such as those due to inter-agency interaction, stay unnoticed. The results highlight the recognition made by most of “El Montuoso” inhabitants about the importance of conservation of the Reserve to assure the ecosystem goods and services that they provide, mainly their biological diversity, the water supply, the opportunities offered for ecotourism. However, they present conflicting opinions because the conservation of these values does not allow them to improve their life quality.