SEABIRDS OFF THE PACIFIC COAST OF PANAMA: OBSERVATION FREQUENCY, DISTRIBUTION AND SEASONALITY

Jan A. Cubilla R

doi:10.48204/j.tecno.v26n2.a5412

Submitted July 24, 2024

Published 2024-07-25

Artículos

Vol. 26 No. 2 (2024): Tecnociencia

SEABIRDS OFF THE PACIFIC COAST OF PANAMA: OBSERVATION FREQUENCY, DISTRIBUTION AND SEASONALITY

Jan A. Cubilla R ⁺⁻

DOI https://doi.org/10.48204/j.tecno.v26n2.a5412

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DOI: 10.48204/j.tecno.v26n2.a5412

Published: 2024-07-25

How to Cite

Cubilla R , J. A. (2024) “SEABIRDS OFF THE PACIFIC COAST OF PANAMA: OBSERVATION FREQUENCY, DISTRIBUTION AND SEASONALITY”, Tecnociencia, 26(2), pp. 173–195. doi: 10.48204/j.tecno.v26n2.a5412.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Abstract

Little information has been added to our knowledge of Panama’s Pacific coast seabirds since the last century. In order to increase and update our knowledge, systematic observations were made of seabirds on a total of 20 trips, conducted in 2010, then every year from 2012-2019 off the Pacific coast of Panama, and the percentage of all 1-hour observation periods during which each species was recorded according to location (continental shelf or continental slope/deep waters) and season (dry or wet) was calculated. Thirthy-nine species of seabirds of 11 different families during 120 1-hour observation periods were recorded. The most frequently detected species for all observations was Fregata magnificens (present in 65.8% of 1-hour observation periods), followed by Sula leucogaster (64.2%) and Chlidonias niger (63.3%). These observations increase our knowledge of seabird species occurring off the Pacific coast of Panama, adding three new species to the list of birds of Panama, and documenting another two with photographs for the first time, offering us an idea of the species that are within the reach of the pelagic avitourist.

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References

Acorn Consulting Partnership Ltd. (2008). Developing a niche tourism market database for the Caribbean. https://www.onecaribbean.org/wp-content/uploads/NicheMarketsDatabase.pdf
Ainley, D.G. (1980). Geographic variation in Leach’s Storm-Petrel. Auk. 97:837-853. https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/97.4.837
Angehr, G.R. & Dean, R. (2010). The Birds of Panama: a Field Guide. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, EEUU.
Angehr, G.R. & Kushlan, J.A. (2007). Seabird and colonial wading bird nesting in the Gulf of Panama. Waterbirds 30:335–357. https://doi.org/10.1675/15244695(2007)030 [0335: SACWBN]2.0.CO;2
Angehr, G.R., Kushlan, J.A. & Hines, K.N. (2014). Nesting sites and population estimates of seabirds and other waterbirds of the Gulf of Chiriquí, Panama. Waterbirds. 37:426–431. https://doi.org/10.1675/063.037.0410
American Ornithologists’ Union [AOU]. (1998). Check-list of North American Birds (7th ed.). Washington, DC: American Ornithologists’ Union.
BirdLife International. (2012). Spotlight on seabirds. Presented as part of the BirdLife State of the world's birds website. http://www.birdlife.org/datazone.
BirdLife International. (2020). IUCN Redlist. http://www.birdlife.org on 21 April 2021.
Buitrago-Rosas, D., Medina, J.L. & Castillo-Caballero, P.L. (2020). Records of White Tern Gygis alba in Panama and potential connections to El Niño events. Mar. Ornithol. 48: 171–174.
Campos, E. (2015). eBird Checklist: https://ebird.org/camerica/checklist/S32066689. eBird: An online database of bird distribution and abundance [web application]. Ithaca, USA: eBird. [Available online at: http://www.ebird.org. Accessed 4 April 2021]
Carboneras, C. (1992). Family Procellariidae (petrels and shearwaters). In J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, & J. Sargatal (Eds.), Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 1 (pp.216-257). Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Editions.
Chesser, T.R., Billerman, S.M., Burns, K.J., Cicero, C., Dunn, J.L., Hernández-Baños, B.E., Kratter, A.W., Lovette, I.J., Mason, N.A., Rasmussen, P.C., Remsen, J.V.Jr., Stotz, D.F. & Winker, K. (2017). Fifty-eighth supplement to the American Ornithological Society’s Check-list of North American Birds. Auk. 134:751-773.
Crossin, R.S. (1974). The Storm-Petrels (Hydrobatidae). Pages 104-205 In: King, W. B. (Ed.). (1974). Pelagic studies of seabirds in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 158.
Croxall, J.P., Butchart, S.H.M., Lascelles, B., Stattersfield, A.J., Sullivan, B., Symes, A. & Taylor, P. (2012). Seabird conservation status, threats and priority actions: a global assessment. Bird. Conserv. Int. 22: 1-34. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959270912000020
D’Croz, L. & O’Dea, A. (2007). Variability in upwelling along the Pacific shelf of Panama and implications for the distribution of nutrients and chlorophyll. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 73: 325-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2007.01.013
Estela, F.A., López-Victoria, M., Castillo, L.F. & Naranjo, L.G. (2010). Estado del conocimiento sobre aves marinas en Colombia, después de 110 años de investigación. Bol. SAO. 20: 2-21.
Garrigues, R. & Dean, R. (2007). The Birds of Costa Rica. A Field Guide. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, EEUU.
Gouraud, C. (2019). eBird Checklist: https://ebird.org/camerica/checklist/S60608743. eBird: An online database of bird distribution and abundance [web application]. Ithaca, USA: eBird. [Available online at: http://www.ebird.org. Accessed 4 April 2021].
Groenendijk, K. (2017). eBird Checklist: https://ebird.org/checklist/S34648128. eBird: An online database of bird distribution and abundance [web application]. Ithaca, USA: eBird. [Available online at: http://www.ebird.org. Accessed 4 April 2021]
Harrison, P. (1983). Seabirds: An Identification Guide. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, MA.
Howell, S.N.G. (2012). Petrels, albatrosses, and storm petrels of North America. New Jersey, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Howell, S.N.G. & Zufelt, K. (2019). Oceanic Birds of the World: A Photo Guide. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Hull, W. (2017). eBird Checklist: https://ebird.org/checklist/S38596925. eBird: An online database of bird distribution and abundance [web application]. Ithaca, USA: eBird. [Available online http://www.ebird.org. Accessed 4 April 2021].
Jehl, J.R.Jr. (1974). The near-shore avifauna of the Middle American west coast. Auk. 91, 681-699. https://doi.org/10.2307/4084721
Jones, H.L. & Komar, O. (2011). Central America (in The Regional Reports: Fall Migration, August through November 2010). North Am. Birds. 65:174-180.
Jones, H.L. & Komar, O. (2015). Central America (in The Regional Reports: Fall Migration, August through November 2014). North Am. Bird., 69:163-168.
Loftin, H. (1991). An annual cycle of pelagic birds in the Gulf of Panama. Neotropic. Ornithol. 2:85-94.
López-Victoria, M. & Estela, F. (2006). Additions to the breeding seabirds of Malpelo Island, Colombia. Mar. Ornithol. 34:83-84.
Mate, J. (2006). Análisis de la situación de la pesca en los golfos de Chiriquí y de Montijo. The Natury Conservancy. Second edition.
Montoya, M. (2008). Aves marinas de la isla del Coco, Costa Rica, y su conservación. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56: 133-149.
Murphy, R.C. (1936). Oceanic birds of South America, 2 vols. American Museum of Natural History, New York.
Murphy, R.C.(944a). To the Chocó in the schooner “Askoy”. J. Nat. Hist. 53: 200-208.
Murphy, R.C. (1944b). Among the Pearl Islands. The second installment in the story of the “Askoy” expedition. J. Nat. Hist. 53: 274-281.
Murphy, R.C. (1944c). Beyond the Continental Shelf. The third installment in the story of the “Askoy” expedition. J. Nat. Hist. 53: 303-309.
Murphy, R.C. (1956). The vertebrates of SCOPE, November 7-December 16. Birds. Pages 121-140 In: R. W. Holmes (Ed.). Physical, Chemical, and Biological Observations in the Eastern Tropical Pacific, November-December 1956 Scripps Institute of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA.
Namitz, R. (2015). eBird Checklist: https://ebird.org/checklist/S21801577. eBird: An online database of bird distribution and abundance [web application]. Ithaca, USA: eBird. [Available online at: http://www.ebird.org. Accessed 4 April 2021].
Olson, S.L. (1997). Avian biogeography in the islands of the Pacific coast of western Panama. pp 69-82 in Dickerman, Robert W. (compiler), The Era of Allan R. Phillips: A Festschrift. Horizon Communications, Albuquerque.
Onley, D. & Scofield, P. (2007). Albatrosses, Petrels and Shearwaters of the World. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, EEUU.
Pitman, R.L, Spear, L.B. & Force, M.P. (1995). The Marine Birds of Malpelo Island, Colombia. Col. Waterbirds. 18: 113-119. https://doi.org/10.2307/1521408
Pitman, R.L. & Jehl, J.R.Jr. (1998). Geographic variation and reassessment of species limits in the "Masked" boobies of the eastern Pacific Ocean. Wilson Bull. 110: 155-170.
Reed, J.R. (1988). Inca Terns in the Bay of Panama during the 1982-1983 El Nino event. Am. Birds. 42: 172-173.
Ridgely, R.S. & Gwynne, J.A. (1989). A Guide to the Birds of Panama. New Jersey, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Robins, C.R. (1958). Observations on oceanic birds in the Gulf of Panama. Auk. 60: 300-302. https://doi.org/10.2307/1365155
Shaffer, S.A., Tremblay, Y., Weimerskirch, H., Scott, D., Thompson, D.R., Sagar, P.M., Moller, H., Taylor, G.A., Foley, D.G., Block, B.A. & Costa, D.P. (2006). Migratory shearwaters integrate oceanic resources across the Pacific Ocean in an endless summer. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103: 12799-12802.
Smith, N.G. (1990). The Gulf of Panama and El Niño Events: the fate of two refugee boobies from the 1982-83 event. In: Global ecological consequences of the 1982-83 El Nino-Southern Oscillation, edited by P. W. Glynn, pp. 381-394. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Sociedad Audubon de Panama. (2021). Lista de las Aves de Panamá. Downloaded from https://www.audubonpanama.org/publicaciones.html on 18 September 2021.
Spear, L.B. & Ainley, D.G. (1999). Seabirds of the Panama Bight. Waterbirds. 22: 175-198. https://doi.org/10.2307/1522207
Stiles, F.G. & Skutch, A.F. (1989). A Guide to the Birds of Costa Rica. Ithaca, New York, NY: Cornell University Press.
Vallely, A.C. & Dyer, D. (2018). Birds of Central America. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Wetmore, A. (1965). The Birds of the Republic of Panama. Part 1. Tinamidae (Tinamous) to Rhynchopidae (Skimmers). Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 150. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.
Winker. (2021). Sixty-second supplement to the American Ornithologists’ Society’s checklist of North American birds. Ornithol. 138: 1–18.
Young, B.E. & Zook, J.R. (2016). Observation frequency and seasonality of marine birds off the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. Rev. Biol. Trop. 64: 235-248. https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v64i1.23453

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[1] Acorn Consulting Partnership Ltd. (2008). Developing a niche tourism market database for the Caribbean. https://www.onecaribbean.org/wp-content/uploads/NicheMarketsDatabase.pdf

[2] Ainley, D.G. (1980). Geographic variation in Leach’s Storm-Petrel. Auk. 97:837-853. https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/97.4.837

[3] Angehr, G.R. & Dean, R. (2010). The Birds of Panama: a Field Guide. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, EEUU.

[4] Angehr, G.R. & Kushlan, J.A. (2007). Seabird and colonial wading bird nesting in the Gulf of Panama. Waterbirds 30:335–357. https://doi.org/10.1675/15244695(2007)030 [0335: SACWBN]2.0.CO;2

[5] Angehr, G.R., Kushlan, J.A. & Hines, K.N. (2014). Nesting sites and population estimates of seabirds and other waterbirds of the Gulf of Chiriquí, Panama. Waterbirds. 37:426–431. https://doi.org/10.1675/063.037.0410

[6] American Ornithologists’ Union [AOU]. (1998). Check-list of North American Birds (7th ed.). Washington, DC: American Ornithologists’ Union.

[7] BirdLife International. (2012). Spotlight on seabirds. Presented as part of the BirdLife State of the world's birds website. http://www.birdlife.org/datazone.

[8] BirdLife International. (2020). IUCN Redlist. http://www.birdlife.org on 21 April 2021.

[9] Buitrago-Rosas, D., Medina, J.L. & Castillo-Caballero, P.L. (2020). Records of White Tern Gygis alba in Panama and potential connections to El Niño events. Mar. Ornithol. 48: 171–174.

[10] Campos, E. (2015). eBird Checklist: https://ebird.org/camerica/checklist/S32066689. eBird: An online database of bird distribution and abundance [web application]. Ithaca, USA: eBird. [Available online at: http://www.ebird.org. Accessed 4 April 2021]

[11] Carboneras, C. (1992). Family Procellariidae (petrels and shearwaters). In J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, & J. Sargatal (Eds.), Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 1 (pp.216-257). Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Editions.

[12] Chesser, T.R., Billerman, S.M., Burns, K.J., Cicero, C., Dunn, J.L., Hernández-Baños, B.E., Kratter, A.W., Lovette, I.J., Mason, N.A., Rasmussen, P.C., Remsen, J.V.Jr., Stotz, D.F. & Winker, K. (2017). Fifty-eighth supplement to the American Ornithological Society’s Check-list of North American Birds. Auk. 134:751-773.

[13] Crossin, R.S. (1974). The Storm-Petrels (Hydrobatidae). Pages 104-205 In: King, W. B. (Ed.). (1974). Pelagic studies of seabirds in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 158.

[14] Croxall, J.P., Butchart, S.H.M., Lascelles, B., Stattersfield, A.J., Sullivan, B., Symes, A. & Taylor, P. (2012). Seabird conservation status, threats and priority actions: a global assessment. Bird. Conserv. Int. 22: 1-34. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959270912000020

[15] D’Croz, L. & O’Dea, A. (2007). Variability in upwelling along the Pacific shelf of Panama and implications for the distribution of nutrients and chlorophyll. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 73: 325-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2007.01.013

[16] Estela, F.A., López-Victoria, M., Castillo, L.F. & Naranjo, L.G. (2010). Estado del conocimiento sobre aves marinas en Colombia, después de 110 años de investigación. Bol. SAO. 20: 2-21.

[17] Garrigues, R. & Dean, R. (2007). The Birds of Costa Rica. A Field Guide. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, EEUU.

[18] Gouraud, C. (2019). eBird Checklist: https://ebird.org/camerica/checklist/S60608743. eBird: An online database of bird distribution and abundance [web application]. Ithaca, USA: eBird. [Available online at: http://www.ebird.org. Accessed 4 April 2021].

[19] Groenendijk, K. (2017). eBird Checklist: https://ebird.org/checklist/S34648128. eBird: An online database of bird distribution and abundance [web application]. Ithaca, USA: eBird. [Available online at: http://www.ebird.org. Accessed 4 April 2021]

[20] Harrison, P. (1983). Seabirds: An Identification Guide. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, MA.

[21] Howell, S.N.G. (2012). Petrels, albatrosses, and storm petrels of North America. New Jersey, NJ: Princeton University Press.

[22] Howell, S.N.G. & Zufelt, K. (2019). Oceanic Birds of the World: A Photo Guide. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

[23] Hull, W. (2017). eBird Checklist: https://ebird.org/checklist/S38596925. eBird: An online database of bird distribution and abundance [web application]. Ithaca, USA: eBird. [Available online http://www.ebird.org. Accessed 4 April 2021].

[24] Jehl, J.R.Jr. (1974). The near-shore avifauna of the Middle American west coast. Auk. 91, 681-699. https://doi.org/10.2307/4084721

[25] Jones, H.L. & Komar, O. (2011). Central America (in The Regional Reports: Fall Migration, August through November 2010). North Am. Birds. 65:174-180.

[26] Jones, H.L. & Komar, O. (2015). Central America (in The Regional Reports: Fall Migration, August through November 2014). North Am. Bird., 69:163-168.

[27] Loftin, H. (1991). An annual cycle of pelagic birds in the Gulf of Panama. Neotropic. Ornithol. 2:85-94.

[28] López-Victoria, M. & Estela, F. (2006). Additions to the breeding seabirds of Malpelo Island, Colombia. Mar. Ornithol. 34:83-84.

[29] Mate, J. (2006). Análisis de la situación de la pesca en los golfos de Chiriquí y de Montijo. The Natury Conservancy. Second edition.

[30] Montoya, M. (2008). Aves marinas de la isla del Coco, Costa Rica, y su conservación. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56: 133-149.

[31] Murphy, R.C. (1936). Oceanic birds of South America, 2 vols. American Museum of Natural History, New York.

[32] Murphy, R.C.(944a). To the Chocó in the schooner “Askoy”. J. Nat. Hist. 53: 200-208.

[33] Murphy, R.C. (1944b). Among the Pearl Islands. The second installment in the story of the “Askoy” expedition. J. Nat. Hist. 53: 274-281.

[34] Murphy, R.C. (1944c). Beyond the Continental Shelf. The third installment in the story of the “Askoy” expedition. J. Nat. Hist. 53: 303-309.

[35] Murphy, R.C. (1956). The vertebrates of SCOPE, November 7-December 16. Birds. Pages 121-140 In: R. W. Holmes (Ed.). Physical, Chemical, and Biological Observations in the Eastern Tropical Pacific, November-December 1956 Scripps Institute of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA.

[36] Namitz, R. (2015). eBird Checklist: https://ebird.org/checklist/S21801577. eBird: An online database of bird distribution and abundance [web application]. Ithaca, USA: eBird. [Available online at: http://www.ebird.org. Accessed 4 April 2021].

[37] Olson, S.L. (1997). Avian biogeography in the islands of the Pacific coast of western Panama. pp 69-82 in Dickerman, Robert W. (compiler), The Era of Allan R. Phillips: A Festschrift. Horizon Communications, Albuquerque.

[38] Onley, D. & Scofield, P. (2007). Albatrosses, Petrels and Shearwaters of the World. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, EEUU.

[39] Pitman, R.L, Spear, L.B. & Force, M.P. (1995). The Marine Birds of Malpelo Island, Colombia. Col. Waterbirds. 18: 113-119. https://doi.org/10.2307/1521408

[40] Pitman, R.L. & Jehl, J.R.Jr. (1998). Geographic variation and reassessment of species limits in the "Masked" boobies of the eastern Pacific Ocean. Wilson Bull. 110: 155-170.

[41] Reed, J.R. (1988). Inca Terns in the Bay of Panama during the 1982-1983 El Nino event. Am. Birds. 42: 172-173.

[42] Ridgely, R.S. & Gwynne, J.A. (1989). A Guide to the Birds of Panama. New Jersey, NJ: Princeton University Press.

[43] Robins, C.R. (1958). Observations on oceanic birds in the Gulf of Panama. Auk. 60: 300-302. https://doi.org/10.2307/1365155

[44] Shaffer, S.A., Tremblay, Y., Weimerskirch, H., Scott, D., Thompson, D.R., Sagar, P.M., Moller, H., Taylor, G.A., Foley, D.G., Block, B.A. & Costa, D.P. (2006). Migratory shearwaters integrate oceanic resources across the Pacific Ocean in an endless summer. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103: 12799-12802.

[45] Smith, N.G. (1990). The Gulf of Panama and El Niño Events: the fate of two refugee boobies from the 1982-83 event. In: Global ecological consequences of the 1982-83 El Nino-Southern Oscillation, edited by P. W. Glynn, pp. 381-394. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

[46] Sociedad Audubon de Panama. (2021). Lista de las Aves de Panamá. Downloaded from https://www.audubonpanama.org/publicaciones.html on 18 September 2021.

[47] Spear, L.B. & Ainley, D.G. (1999). Seabirds of the Panama Bight. Waterbirds. 22: 175-198. https://doi.org/10.2307/1522207

[48] Stiles, F.G. & Skutch, A.F. (1989). A Guide to the Birds of Costa Rica. Ithaca, New York, NY: Cornell University Press.

[49] Vallely, A.C. & Dyer, D. (2018). Birds of Central America. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

[50] Wetmore, A. (1965). The Birds of the Republic of Panama. Part 1. Tinamidae (Tinamous) to Rhynchopidae (Skimmers). Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 150. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.

[51] Winker. (2021). Sixty-second supplement to the American Ornithologists’ Society’s checklist of North American birds. Ornithol. 138: 1–18.

[52] Young, B.E. & Zook, J.R. (2016). Observation frequency and seasonality of marine birds off the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. Rev. Biol. Trop. 64: 235-248. https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v64i1.23453

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